1. Availability
   1. When needed to recover trust property which has been misappropriated
   2. Or to acquire an unauthorised profit which a trustee holds on constructive trust
   3. Have equitable interest so B's have priority over unsecured creditors
   4. Won't apply if dissipated
      1. E.g. no longer in any asset form
      2. Must have property or replacement to be traced
2. No mixing
   1. Occurs where trustee has simply exchanged property for another asset in clean substitution
   2. Re Hallet
      1. Can either take property purchased
         1. Better if it appreciates in value
      2. Or equitable lien
         1. If it depreciates- a lien is better.
3. Mixed asset
   1. Occurs where trustee buys something with own money and trust funds
   2. Foskett v McKeown
      1. Can claim a proportionate share of asset based on proportion of misapplied trust fund to purchase price
         1. Better if it appreciates
      2. Lien upon asset to secure personal claim
         1. Better if it is depreciate as it is fixed
   3. Can apply even if trustee die
      1. Remedies available against trustee's executors
4. Mixed bank account
   1. Occurs where a trustee places trust money into own account containing their own money and makes withdrawals
   2. Basic rule
      1. Re Hallet
         1. Presumption of honesty
            1. Spends own money first on withdrawals, rather than B's
            2. Balance will belong to B's
   3. Exception
      1. where they buy something then dissipate the remainder
         1. Re Oatway
         2. Presumption of honesty reversed
         3. If equitable...
         4. Will spend trustee's money first
      2. Can claim a lien
         1. As in Oatway
         2. Or potentially a proportioante share
            1. Foskett v McKeown
   4. Repairing a breach
      1. When T places money back in having dissipated
         1. B's can't claim unless T showed intention to restore trust fund
         2. Roscoe v Winder
         3. Will form a lowest intermediate balance
            1. B's can't claim above this lowest balance
5. Mixing of two trust funds
   1. Where two separate trust funds moneys are mixed in an account
   2. Issue
      1. Both innocent beneficaries.
      2. No favouritism should be showed
   3. Basic rule
      1. Clayton's Case
         1. First in first out
            1. Money put in first is presumed to be spent first
   4. Quasi-exception
      1. Barlow Clowes
         1. May divide balance of account/assets purchased based on proportion to initial contribtuon
         2. If if would be impractical to use Clayton
         3. or injustice
         4. or contrary to parties intentions