1. Line-Based Processing
   1. Concept
   2. nextLine(); hasNextLine();
   3. When read a file token by token, you'll lose the spacing within the line
   4. Process file without losing spaces=> line-based
   5. Combine Line-based and Token-based:
      1. break file into lines; using nextLine
      2. Construct Scanner obj for the line; then deal with next;
   6. Scanners can attach to different source of input
      1. Scanner(System.in)
      2. Scanner(new File(***))
      3. Scanner("string")
2. Advanced File Processing
   1. Output format
      1. Good resources for class, objects and references
      2. Output in concole window
         1. System.out.println
      3. Output Files
         1. PrintStream
         2. construct a PrintStream obj and send it to console or file
         3. main method throw FileNotFoundException
         4. System.out is a reference of PrintStream. It similar to assign a obj to a variable, which, gives the reference to that variable.
         5. System.out (is similar to) new PrintStream(obj);
   2. Guaranteeing That Files Can Be Read
      1. canRead();
   3. Boilerplate Code
      1. codes that tends to be the same for every prog
         1. getInput
   4. think completely
      1. Is it a fencepost problem
      2. Do we need to consider the existance of initial input
      3. If does not exist at the end
3. Case Study: Zip Code Lookup
4. Details of Token-based Processing
   1. Structure of Files and Consuming input
      1. computer consider the 2D file as 1 line sequence of characters
      2. with special characters like \n or \\
      3. InputMismatchException
         1. wrong type of token
      4. Input Cursor
         1. When scanner obj first constructed: at the beginning
         2. move forward
         3. no support for backward
      5. Consuming input
         1. process
         2. it simply skips past any leading whitespace chars until next token
      6. Scanner keeps tracking the position of the input cursor. Even a method has passed, it still remembers.
      7. numbers.dat ---- Scanner obj
   2. token
      1. number, character...
   3. paths and directions
      1. File path
      2. file
      3. directory/folder
         1. current directory(a.k.a Working directory)
      4. call a file
         1. fully qualified
            1. absolute file path
            2. C:/data/numbers.dat
            3. forward slash /
         2. relative path
            1. data/numbers.dat
         3. waiting for users input file name
5. File-Reading Basics
   1. Data, Data Everywhere
   2. Files and file objects
      1. file
      2. file extension
         1. data kind
         2. format
      3. access file=>construct internal object
   3. Reading a file from Scanner
      1. File f = new File("hamlet.txt");
      2. construct internal obj to access file data in computer
      3. import java.io.*;
         1. file i/o
      4. Scanner input = new Scanner(new File("hamlet.txt"))
      5. import java.util.*;
         1. scanner
      6. FileNotFoundException
         1. computer concerns it might not be found
         2. Checked Exception
      7. public static void main(...) throws FileNotFoundException{...}
      8. NoSuchElementException
         1. end of file
      9. Scanner need to have a type declaration