1. Communications Theory & ID
   1. Key Principles
      1. The communication process can be viewed as a matter of:
         1. Transmission
         2. Behavior
         3. Interaction
         4. Transaction
      2. The typical components of the communication process are the:
         1. Information Source
         2. Message
         3. Channels
            1. Auditory
            2. Visual
         4. Noise
         5. Environment
         6. Information Receiver
            1. Cultural Backgrounds
            2. Previous Experiences
         7. Interpretation of Meaning
         8. Feedback
   2. Philosophical Emphases
      1. Transmission and behavioral emphases have an empiricist and/or a rationalist view.
      2. The interaction emphasis has a humanist view.
      3. The transaction emphasis has a constructivist view.
   3. Basic Research Support
      1. Shannon's early channel and noise research
      2. Gestalt research and theory related to perception
   4. Early Contributors
      1. Communication Theory
         1. David Berlo
         2. Malcolm MacLean
         3. Wilbur Schramm
         4. Claude Shannon
         5. Warren Weaver
         6. Bruce Westley
      2. ID Applications
         1. James Hartley
         2. Robert Travers
   5. ID Applications
      1. Culture-Based ID Models
      2. Message Design
      3. Multimedia Design
   6. Supporting ID Research, studies of:
      1. Elements that direct attention in instruction (e.g. Frank Dwyer)
      2. Multimedia message design (e.g. Richard Mayer)
      3. Single- vs. multiple-channel processing (e.g. Robert Travers, Allan Paivio)
      4. Effects of message structure on cognitive processing (e.g. John Sweller and colleagues)
   7. Related Concepts
      1. Cognitive Load
      2. Cueing Techniques
      3. Globalized and Localized Education and Training
      4. Information Load
      5. Single- and Multi-channeled Communication
      6. Split Attention
      7. Visual Language and Learning
2. ID Domains Related to Communications Theory
   1. Learners & Learning Processes
      1. Learner Characteristics
         1. Attitudes
         2. Background
         3. Culture
         4. Demographics
         5. Motivation
   2. Learning & Performance Contexts
      1. Environment
         1. Message Context
         2. Social Systems
         3. Society
         4. Technology-Based
      2. Physical Materials and Arrangements
   3. Content Structure & Sequence
      1. Information & Cognitive Load
      2. Message Structure
         1. Vocabulary
         2. Grammar
         3. Visuals
         4. Color
   4. Instructional and Noninstructional Strategies
      1. Eliminating Noise
      2. Facilitating Interaction & Social Communication
      3. Facilitating Online Communication
      4. Giving & Receiving Feedback
      5. Securing & Focusing Attention
   5. Media & Delivery Systems
      1. Auditory & Visual Delivery Channels
      2. New Technologies & Message Transmission
   6. Designers & Design Processes
      1. Message Design
         1. Gaining Attention
         2. Typographical & Visual Cues
      2. Multimedia Design
         1. Avoiding Split Attention
         2. Information Redundancy
         3. Sound Perception
      3. Text Design
         1. Page & Type Size
         2. Typeface
         3. Spacing
         4. Capitalization