1. What
   1. originators
      1. Ross Ihaka
         1. The University of Auckland, New Zealand
         2. R : Past and Future History
      2. Robert Gentleman
   2. contributors
   3. based on
      1. S language
         1. John Chambers
            1. Bell Labs
         2. commercial implementation
            1. S-PLUS
   4. version
      1. core group(1997)
         1. 1.0(2000-02)
            1. 2.0(2004-10)
            2. 3.0(2013-04)
            3. the latest release for Windows
   5. a statistics program
      1. a programming language
         1. works very well for statistics
2. Why
   1. Quick-R: Why use R?
      1. Why R has A Steep Learning Curve
   2. r4stats.com
      1. Why R is Hard to Learn
         1. 2012-06-13
         2. 2014-12-09
            1. Unhelpful Help
            2. Misleading Function or Parameter Names
            3. Too Many Commands
            4. ...
   3. KDnuggets
      1. Annual Software Poll
         1. 15th
         2. 16th
         3. 17th
   4. TIOBE Index
3. Which
   1. R
   2. RStudio
   3. R commander
   4. RKWard
      1. install KDE
4. Where
   1. websites
      1. CRAN
      2. Quick-R
      3. r4stats
      4. rseek.org
      5. Rbloggers
         1. Learn R
      6. StackOverflow
      7. Learn Data Science Online
      8. inside-R
      9. For Dummies
      10. Wikipedia
          1. Wikibooks
             1. R Programming
          2. Wikiversity
             1. How to use R
      11. R Graph Gallery
      12. etc.
   2. University web
      1. Resources to help you learn and use R
         1. Institute for Digital Research and Education University of California, Los Angeles
      2. Applied Nonparametric Statistics
         1. Department of Statistics Eberly College of Science The Pennsylvania State University
      3. Getting Started with "R"
         1. Boston University School of Public Health
      4. Data wrangling, exploration, and analysis with R
         1. Department of Statistics UBC University of British Columbia, Canada
   3. R Project Documentation>Books
   4. youtube
5. When
   1. anytime
6. How
   1. 基本操作
      1. 標記&符號
         1. command prompt
            1. >
         2. continuation prompt
            1. +
         3. command seperation
            1. ;
         4. cancel a command
            1. Esc
         5. comment character
            1. #
         6. assignment symbol
            1. <-
            2. =, ->
         7. case sensitive
         8. Google's R Style Guide
      2. 工作目錄
         1. getwd()
         2. setwd()
         3. windows
            1. slash
            2. backslash
      3. Help
         1. help.start()
         2. help/?
            1. example()
         3. help.search/??
         4. RSiteSearch()
      4. 建立資料
         1. basic data type
            1. 數值(numeric)
            2. integer
            3. double
            4. 複數(complex)
            5. 邏輯值(logical)
            6. TRUE/T
            7. FALSE/F
            8. 文字(character)
            9. built-in Constants
            10. ?Constants
            11. pi
            12. letters
            13. LETTERS
            14. month.abb
            15. month.name
            16. 常用函數
            17. paste()
            18. 原始資料(raw)
            19. charToRaw()
            20. rawToChar()
         2. 常用函數
            1. c()
            2. seq()
            3. rep()
         3. Datasets
            1. data()
            2. iris
            3. head(iris)
            4. tail(iris)
            5. str(iris)
            6. summary(iris)
            7. View(iris)
            8. UCI Machine Learning Repository
      5. 資料輸入/輸出
         1. scan()
         2. cat()
         3. read.csv()
         4. write.csv()
      6. 基本運算
         1. ^,+-(unary),+-*/,%/%,%%
         2. Basic Mathematical Functions
            1. abs(), log(), sin(), factorial(), sum(), prod(), ..., etc.
         3. 排序
            1. sort()
            2. rank()
            3. order()
   2. data object type
      1. vector(向量)
         1. 元素
            1. 性質相同
            2. 元素指標
            3. [ ]
         2. 建立方式
            1. c()
            2. seq()
            3. rep()
      2. matrix(矩陣)
         1. 建立方式
            1. dim()
            2. matrix()
            3. cbind()、rbind()
         2. 矩陣運算
            1. +、-、*、/、%*%
      3. array(陣列)
         1. 建立方式
            1. dim()
            2. array()
      4. factor(因子)
         1. 建立方式
            1. factor()
            2. as.factor()
            3. ordered
      5. data frame(資料框)
         1. 不同類型資料
         2. 二維結構
      6. list(串列)
         1. 不同
            1. 類別
            2. 長度
         2. 元素指標
            1. [[ ]]
      7. time series(時間序列)
         1. ts()
      8. 判別/轉換
         1. is.datatype()
         2. as.datatype()