1st ecumenical council 325AD 第一次大公會議 325AD

mistakes about the relationship of Logos to the Son of god 錯誤觀點聖言道至聖子的關係
1. Logos = Son of god but subordinate to father聖言道=聖子次於父神
2. logos different from the son of god聖言道不同於聖子
split from church 從教會分裂出去
1. council in Alexandria 320 excommunicates Arious 亞歷山大會議 320AD 驅逐亞流派
2. council in Antioch 324 安提阿會議在324AD
express the correct teaching 表達的正確教導
Constantine emperor invites bishops 康斯坦丁皇帝邀請眾主教們
1. many bishops wounded-martyrs 許多主教遭迫害--殉道士
2. they had others as helpers and secretaries 他們有其他的幫助者和書記
Arius 異端亞流派
1. Son of god is created in time 聖子是在時間內所創造
  1. Son is not God 聖子不是上帝
  2. son is not co-eternal with father 聖子不是與聖父共同--永存
  3. introduce TIME to god 被引導在時間內的神
2. Father was not father always because he had not the Son 聖父不是永恆的聖父因為以前沒有聖子
3. god is one person only 上帝只有一個位格
  1. son is not real god , but creature 聖子不是真神,是受造物
4. son's nature can change , become sinful, but his will keeps his nature without change, as gift of God. 聖子的本質可以改變,因為罪,但是他持守本質沒有改變,正如上帝的禮物
  1. the Son , even without sin is never real god 聖子,甚至沒有犯罪也從不是真神
5. son, by the energy of god created the holy spirit, which obeys to Son 聖子,藉由神的能量創造出聖靈,也就是須順從聖子
6. Son is the first creature. Son by the help of God creates the other creatures 聖子是第一個受造物,聖子是藉著上帝來創造其他的受造物
  1. god does not create directly, because then the creatures will be like him 上帝非直接創造,因為受造物將會與祂相似
  2. son is between god and world. 聖子是上帝與世界的橋梁
  3. son is not the wisdom of the father 聖子不是父的智慧
  4. son is not the Logos of the father 聖子不是父神的聖言道
7. son is not saviour but a good teacher from god 聖子不是救世主只是從上帝來的好教師
  1. son takes a body without soul 聖子只取肉身並沒有靈魂
  2. does not take all the human nature, only one individual body 並非完全的人類,只是單方面人類的身軀
8. use wrongly the bible to support his ideas 以錯誤方式來詮釋經文
  1. misuse the logic of Aristotle 錯誤引用亞里斯多德的邏輯觀
proclaim the truth (always has the truth , not discover it)宣講真理（總是有真相，而不是發現真理）
1. follow the faith of church expressed in creeds for baptism 按照教會信仰及信經所表達的方式洗禮
2. creed 信經
  We believe in one God the Father All-sovereign, maker of all things. And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, begotten of the Father, only-begotten, that is, of the substance of the Father, God of God, Light of Light, true God of true God, begotten not made, of one substance with the Father, through whom all things were made, things in heaven and things on the earth; who for us men and for our salvation came down and was made flesh, and became man, suffered, and rose on the third day, ascended into the heavens, and is coming to judge living and dead. And in the Holy Spirit. And those that say 'There was when he was not,' and, 'Before he was begotten he was not,' and that, 'He came into being from what-is-not,' or those that allege, that the son of God is 'Of another substance or essence' or 'created,' or 'changeable' or 'alterable,' these the Catholic and Apostolic Church anathematizes.
  1. Son of the substance of the Father 聖子與聖父同質
  2. homoousion同性同體
3. realization of the CATHOLIC & APOSTOLIC church 實現大公和使徒教會
condemn the false 譴責錯誤
1. council was a court to judge and punish Arius and followers 大公會議一個法庭審判和譴責阿里烏斯和追隨者
2. bishops who followed Arius refused and abandoned his teachings and then become members of the council 跟隨阿里烏斯主教們放棄及否定他的教導,然後成為大公會議的成員
3. Arius was not invited 阿里烏斯沒有被邀請
organization 體制
1. only bishops vote 唯獨主教有表決權
  1. about 300 bishops, but number called 318 (gen 14:14) 約 300名主教，但數字記載為318位(創 14:14)
2. priests , philosophers etc.. only help in background 祭司,哲學家等....僅至於旁觀者
  1. they speak to unofficial meetings 他們只能在非正式會議發表
3. Constantine only manage the order 康斯坦丁僅能管理秩序
  1. Eustathios bishop of Antioch head of the council 安提阿主教Eustathios 為會議的主席
    1. signs first 首先簽屬
    2. address the emperor 皇帝頒布
leading theologians 重要的神學
1. Alexander bishop of Alexandria 亞歷山大的亞歷山大主教
2. Athanasius 亞他那修
3. Hosios bishop of Cordova 科爾多瓦主教Hosios
  1. emperor Constantine 君士坦丁大帝
4. Eustathios bishop of Antioch 安提阿優斯達希斯主教
practical matters of the catholic church 大公教會實際的問題
1. common celebration of easter in east west 東方與西方慶祝復活節同日
2. about ordinations 關於按立
3. about repentance of those who refused christ 對那些曾拒絕基督但悔改者
4. priests cannot live with women except family 祭司不能與其他女人生活,除了家人之外
5. condemn eunuchism 譴責自宮
6. clerics cannot serve out of their jurisdictions 神職人員的服事不能超出其管轄範圍
7. clerics must not be greedy 神職人員不能貪婪
8. rebaptise heretics Paulacians 重新為異端保羅派洗禮
9. no kneel on sunday 星期日不需跪拜
10. metropolitanate and bishops 首都總主教和主教
  1. special role to bishops of Rome, alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem 特殊的任務在羅馬,亞歷山大,安提阿,耶路撒冷的主教
Jehovah wittiness 耶和華見證人