XMind

Latin America

1. Prehistory and History

   1. History means written history

   2. Prehistory means non-written; oral;

   3. Andean cultures had no writing system

   4. Physical Geog

      1. 4300 m/long

      2. 7000 km

      3. 6 countries

      4. Chile, Peru, Bolivia, etc.

   5. Archeology

      1. First areas where organized state societies occured.

      2. The six origin points of the world

         1. egypt

         2. mesopotamia

         3. indus river

         4. china

         5. mesoamerica

      3. 3000 BCE Norte Chico Culture

         1. Take over the indigenous people

      4. 1300-1400 BCE Inka Empire expands

         1. 10-12 million andeans speak katcha

         2. 1532 Atahulapa is conquered.

         3. The spanish brought smallpox in 1521; by 1532, the Inka had lost 50% of it's population

         4. 1572 The Spanish finally collapsed the Inka state

   6. The Inka Expanded

      1. Mita

         1. Families pay once a year by building a new thing for the Empire. Labor tribute.

            1. Catholics totally misinterpret mita into "we dont gotta pay 'em"

      2. Colonial Exploitation Systems

         1. Hacienda

            1. Crown owned Colonial Land system

         2. Encomienda

            1. Individuals owned 10,000 laborers

         3. Potosi

            1. First silver mine in Andes

            2. 300-1 million laborer deaths

            3. 400k pounds of silver

      3. Early 1800s, Conquestadores' descendents decide to get their own nation

2. Andean Religion and Syncretism

   1. 50% of Latin America are indiginous

   2. Inka Religion

      1. Worship the sun

      2. Mummification

         1. All Inkan emperors would be brought out as mummies for important ceremonies

      3. Spanish

         1. Anti-Idolatry

            1. Burned the mummies

               1. especially the old politically powerful andean mummies

            2. Built a big fuck you Church of Santo Domingo

               1. On top of Andean church of the sun

            3. Destroyed any formal symbols of Andean religion

   3. Modern Andean Religion

      1. 80-90% consider Roman Catholic

      2. San Pedro/Inti Raymi Festival

         1. The priests were curious as to why the San Pedro festival was the most raucus. Because it came on the day after Inti Raymi the festival of the Sun.

            1. Dress up as Condors

            2. Officially Catholic

            3. Dress up as the Sun

            4. The End of June

         2. They've been effectively merged into one mega-fest

            1. The urban will say San Pedro

            2. The country folk will say Inti Raymi

3. Globalization of Roses

   1. 1980s Crack Cocaine epidemic starts

      1. coca leaves are not cocaine

      2. cocaine is totally different.

      3. chew coca leaves with your buddies

      4. Supply Eradication

         1. 1991 Andean Trade Preference Act

            1. growing coca leaves is illegal

            2. subsidies on other agricultural products

   2. Eduador's climate

      1. 1000 - 2000 km up

      2. 12 hours of sunlight a day all year

      3. 70% of Ecuadors Roses are exported to the united states

      4. Cayambe Valley

         1. 50% of arable lands used by rose plantations

         2. Roses are fucking prolifically planted

            1. Labor force is totally Indigenous women: 20% under 18.

            2. this isn't a sweat shop, these wages of 150 a day are quite reasonable

      5. 650 Billion dollars worth in the Ecuadorean economy

   3. Free Trade?

      1. Water Usage

         1. Rose plantantions take the water

         2. Self-sufficient people now are forced into the supermarket

      2. Pesticides

         1. 30% of those Ecuadoran Pesticides are illegal in America

         2. These cause birth defects in the workers

         3. head aches, blurred vision, neurological disorders

      3. Monoculture crops and Blacklisting

         1. If you're blacklisted, you cannot find work