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CL 101 Etruscans

1. Etruscans defeated in 392 BC in Veii

2. Who influenced Etruscan Artisans?

   1. Eaves ornaments illustrate the greek influence on Etruscan art

3. What affected Early Roman Literature?

   1. Romanocentrism

   2. The building of a singular ROMAN character

   3. Erasing the culture of the Etruscans and the Tribes of Latium

4. The Etruscan Language

   1. Not indo European

   2. Studied through small surviving scraps

5. During the Etruscan Period, did Patricians exist?

   1. Yep.

   2. Economic and Socially dominant

   3. Politically dominant

   4. The Plebians quickly form an opposition group to the Patrician power.

   5. Eventually, the Equites form a middle class-esque group

      1. The notion of the horseman

      2. the notion of the father

      3. Could you buy a horse and feed it?

   6. Social Conflict

      1. struggle by the Plebians to gain more political power

   7. Social Classes

      1. Patricians

         1. Socially and Economically dominant

      2. Equites

         1. Afford to buy and feed a horse

      3. Plebians

         1. Ordinary folks

         2. Some could even date back to the Monarchy, but they were not affluent

      4. Freedmen

         1. Freed slaves

         2. Important and Realistic goal in Rome.

         3. Most common way of Freedom was to buy it.

         4. Citizens of Rome

            1. Obligation to the former owner was to take one of his Names.

            2. Children of Freedmen had no obligation to the former-owner

      5. Slaves

         1. Slaves could be freed.

   8. Political Classes

      1. 2 Consuls

      2. Praetors

         1. Legally focused

         2. Codify Law in the XII Tables

            1. Extremely specific

            2. Trivial and Serious

      3. Quaestors

         1. Fiscally focused

      4. Aediles

         1. Responsible for Gladiatorial shows and putting on Plays.

      5. One had to start at Aediles and work up

         1. Corsus Honorium

      6. Dictator

         1. appointed for 6 months only.

         2. Military Crisis

            1. Normally the Consuls would be in charge, but the dictator would take charge if necessary

   9. The Tribune of the People

      1. a man elected from the Plebian class

      2. Power of Veto over laws.

6. How did the People Relate to the Government

   1. Through their political and economic order.

   2. Cicero believed in the Concordia Ordinum

      1. The problems of the Republic would be solved if peace of the orders could be resolved.

7. The Religion

   1. The salient characteristic is the importation of Gods and Dieties from overseas and tribal paganism

8. Etruscans

   1. Tuscany is related to Etruscan

   2. Etruscia

   3. Etruscan Military power was singular.

      1. They used the military power to dominate their domain

      2. The Romans took Etruscan military tactics and organization and made it our own.

   4. Etruscan is not Indo-European

      1. But comes from Greek-Phonecian writing family.

      2. Ancient Greek and Etruscan shares some Linguistic weirdnesses

   5. Terra Cotta

      1. Etruscans took Greek styles and Power.

      2. Etruscan sculptures

         1. Notice the Hair styles

         2. The Movement in the Sculptors

         3. The ornate necklaces.

      3. Etruscan Pottery

         1. Directly Greek or Greek inspired.

         2. Etruscans had lots of Iron and so they traded Iron for Pottery

            1. But this was too slow, so they imported Greek artisans.

         3. Etruscan pottery is unique because they insert their gods and figures into Greek stories

   6. Metal

      1. The metalwork of the Etruscans is flawless

      2. Chimera shows Greek Myth influence

   7. Gold

      1. Gold Leaves extremely detailed.

   8. Fresco

      1. The Etruscans had early Peninsular representational art through Fresco.

      2. The Greeks were outraged by the Etruscan art depicting females and males interacting.

      3. Tend towards after-life scenes.

         1. Happy Depictions of Dance and Sing

      4. Gladitorial Matches

         1. Death

         2. Wrestling

   9. Urban Theory of Etruscans

      1. Towers and Walls were dominant features of the city.

      2. The Etruscans would create Necropolises with spaces inbetween Graves that exist in a modern-appearing grid system.

      3. There was a visiting gallery, an Ossuary.

         1. a double or triple urned remains.

      4. the Necropolis is dated from the 9th century to the 3rd century BC