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sắc ký

1. khí (GC)

2. siêu tới hạn (supercritical)

3. lỏng

   1. phân loại

      1. pha thuận (NP)

         lực tương tác phân cực

      2. pha đảo (RP)

         lực phân bố (tính ưa nước, tt Van der waals)

      3. rây phân tử (SEC)

         bán kính thủy động

      4. trao đổi ion (IEX)

         lực tương tác ion với tâm trái dấu trên pha tĩnh

         1. ion-exchange chromatography

            This separation method is based on ion-exchange processes occurring between the mobile phase and ion-exchange groups bonded to the support material

         2. Chelation Ion Chromatography

         3. Ion-Exclusion Chromatography

            Ionic material is rejected by cation- or anionexchange resin and passes through quickly, but non-ionic substances are held up and come through more slowly The separation mechanism in ion-exclusion chromatography is governed by Donnan exclusion, steric exclusion, sorption processes and depending on the type of separator column, by hydrogen bonding

         4. Ion Pair Chromatography

            Separations are based on differences in retention of the various ion pairs by the stationary phase The dominating separation mechanism in ion-pair chromatography is adsorption. The stationary phase consists of a neutral porous divinylbenzene resin of low polarity and high specific surface area

         5. Zwitterion Stationary Phases

            Zwitterion is a German word for an ion with both a positive and a negative charge sample ions were attracted to sites of a like charge in the stationary phase and concurrently repulsed by nearby sites of opposite charge. The analyte anions and their counter cations were forced into an ‘ion-pairing-like form‘ at some distance from the zwitterion charges. Separation of various ion pairs was achieved by differences in their migration rates along the column

         6. Capillary Electrophoresis

            ions are separated by differences in their rates of migration through a silica capillary

         7. DNA and RNA Chromatography

   2. đặc điểm

      1. thông số cơ bản

         1. hệ số bất đối xứng As

         2. Retention Volume Vr

         3. Void Volume Vo

         4. Retention Factor k

            k = amount of analyte in column stationary phase / amount of analyte in column mobile phase capacity factor

            1. thành phần pha động

            2. tốc độ dòng pha động, bán kính cột

         5. Selectivity / separation factor α

            A selectivity coefficient measures the relative affinity of two ions, A and B, for the ion-exchange resin

            1. Solvation Effects

            2. pha tĩnh

               1. Polymeric Matrix Effect

               2. Resin Functional Group

         6. Efficiency

            1. số đĩa lý thuyết N

            2. chiều cao đĩa lý thuyết H

            1. tính chất vật lý của cột

         7. Peak resolution, Rs

            the ratio of the distance between two peaks to the average width of these peaks

      2. stationary phases

         1. nhóm chức bề mặt

            1. acid mạnh

               1. –SO3H, -PO3H

            2. acid yếu

               1. –COOH, -OH (của phenol)

            3. base mạnh

               1. amine bậc 4

            4. base yếu

               1. amine bậc 1, 2, 3

            5. khác

               1. hỗn hợp

               2. không có nhóm chức trao đổi ion

               3. chelate

               4. oxides kim loại

         2. type

            1. microporous = gel

            2. macroporous = macroreticular

            3. monolithic

               A monolith support is a single polymeric rod that can be prepared by pouring a chemical mixture into a column and carrying out the polymerization in place

         3. đặc điểm hình học

            1. hình dạng

            2. độ đồng đều

            3. diện tích bề mặt

            4. thể tích lỗ xốp

         4. loại vật liệu

            1. Silica-Based

            2. resins / polymeric

               1. Styrene/Divinylbenzene Copolymers

               2. Polymethacrylate and Polyvinyl Resins

               3. Latex-Agglomerated

            3. zirconia (oxit kim loại)

         5. Ion-Exchange Capacity

4. bản mỏng

5. điện di mao quản