• History of the Mental Health System

    1. Timelines

      1. Overall Timeline

        1. 0400 BC

          1. 400 BC Greek Physician Hipocrates Treats mental patients

            http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/nash/timeline/ The Greek physician Hippocrates treats mental disorders as diseases to be understood in terms of disturbed physiology, rather than reflections of the displeasure of the gods or evidence of demonic possession, as they were often treated in Egyptian, Indian, Greek, and Roman writings. Later, Greek medical writers set out treatments for mentally ill people that include quiet, occupation, and the use of drugs such as the purgative hellebore. Family members care for most people with mental illness in ancient times.

        2. Middle Ages

          http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/nash/timeline/ In general, medieval Europeans allow the mentally ill their freedom -- granted they are not dangerous. However, less enlightened treatment of people with mental disorders is also prevalent, with those people often labeled as witches and assumed to be inhabited by demons. Some religious orders, which care for the sick in general, also care for the mentally ill. Muslim Arabs, who establish asylums as early as the 8th century, carry on the quasi-scientific approach of the Greeks.

          1. 0800

            1. 872 AD First documented hospital for the insane .

              1. built in Cairo by Ahmad ibn Tulun in 872

        3. 1000

        4. 1100

        5. 1200

        6. 1300

          1. 1365 - First European Asylum built in Granada Spain

            1. founded under the aegis of Islam

        7. 1400

          1. 1407 First European Asylum built in Valencia Spain

            http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/nash/timeline/ The first European establishment specifically for people with mental illness is probably established in Valencia, Spain, in 1407.

        8. 1500

        9. 1600

          1. 1600's Europeans increasingly isolate the mentally ill

            http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/nash/timeline/ Europeans increasingly begin to isolate mentally ill people, often housing them with handicapped people, vagrants, and delinquents. Those considered insane are increasingly treated inhumanely, often chained to walls and kept in dungeons.

        10. 1700

          1. Late 1700's reforms begin appearing to improve the treatment of the mentally ill in France

            http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/nash/timeline/ Concern about the treatment of mentally ill people grows to the point that occasional reforms are instituted. After the French Revolution, French physician Phillippe Pinel takes over the Bicêtre insane asylum and forbids the use of chains and shackles. He removes patients from dungeons, provides them with sunny rooms, and also allows them to exercise on the grounds. Yet in other places, mistreatment persists.

        11. 1800

          1. 1840's Dorothea Dix begins to lobby for 32 state hospitals and more humane treatment of the mentally ill.

            http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/nash/timeline/ U.S. reformer Dorothea Dix observes that mentally ill people in Massachusetts, both men and women and all ages, are incarcerated with criminals and left unclothed and in darkness and without heat or bathrooms. Many are chained and beaten. Over the next 40 years, Dix will lobby to establish 32 state hospitals for the mentally ill. On a tour of Europe in 1854-56, she convinces Pope Pius IX to examine how cruelly the mentally ill are treated.

          2. 1883 German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin distinguishes mental disorders

            http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/nash/timeline/ Mental illness is studied more scientifically as German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin distinguishes mental disorders. Though subsequent research will disprove some of his findings, his fundamental distinction between manic-depressive psychosis and schizophrenia holds to this day.

          3. Late 1800's State mental hospitals become over-crowded and custodial care supersedes humane treatment.

            http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/nash/timeline/ The expectation in the United States that hospitals for the mentally ill and humane treatment will cure the sick does not prove true. State mental hospitals become over-crowded and custodial care supersedes humane treatment. New York World reporter Nellie Bly poses as a mentally ill person to become an inmate at an asylum. Her reports from inside result in more funding to improve conditions.

        12. 1900

          1. 1900's (early) psychoanalytical therapies ("talking cures") begin to take hold

            http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/nash/timeline/ The primary treatments of neurotic mental disorders, and sometimes psychosis, are psychoanalytical therapies ("talking cures") developed by Sigmund Freud and others, such as Carl Jung. Society still treats those with psychosis, including schizophrenia, with custodial care.

          2. 1908 Clifford Beers publishes his autobiography, A Mind That Found Itself, detailing his degrading, dehumanizing experience in a Connecticut mental institution and calling for the reform of mental health care in America

            http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/nash/timeline/ Clifford Beers publishes his autobiography, A Mind That Found Itself, detailing his degrading, dehumanizing experience in a Connecticut mental institution and calling for the reform of mental health care in America. Within a year, he will spearhead the founding of the National Committee for Mental Hygiene, an education and advocacy group. This organization will evolve into the National Mental Health Association, the nation's largest umbrella organization for aspects of mental health and mental illness.

          3. 1930's drugs, ect, insulin-induced comas, labotomies and other treatments beging to appear

            http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/nash/timeline/ Drugs, electro-convulsive therapy, and surgery are used to treat people with schizophrenia and others with persistent mental illnesses. Some are infected with malaria; others are treated with repeated insulin-induced comas. Others have parts of their brain removed surgically, an operation called a lobotomy, which is performed widely over the next two decades to treat schizophrenia, intractable depression, severe anxiety, and obsessions.

          4. 1935 ECT emerges as a treatment for Schitzophrenia and Depression

            http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/nash/timeline/ Schizophrenia is treated by inducing convulsions, first induced by the injection of camphor, a technique developed by psychiatrist Ladislaus Joseph von Meduna in Budapest. In 1938 doctors run electric current through the brain -- the beginning of electro-shock therapy -- to induce the convulsions, but the process proves more successful in treating depression than schizophrenia.

          5. 1946

            July 3: President Harry Truman signs the National Mental Health Act, calling for a National Institute of Mental Health to conduct research into mind, brain, and behavior and thereby reduce mental illness. As a result of this law, NIMH will be formally established on April 15, 1949.

            1. 1946 President Harry Truman signs the National Mental Health Act on July 3rd

              http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/nash/timeline/ July 3: President Harry Truman signs the National Mental Health Act, calling for a National Institute of Mental Health to conduct research into mind, brain, and behavior and thereby reduce mental illness.

          6. 1949

            1. 1949 Lithium is first used to treat Manic Depression

              http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/nash/timeline/ Australian psychiatrist J. F. J. Cade introduces the use of lithium to treat psychosis. Prior to this, drugs such as bromides and barbiturates had been used to quiet or sedate patients, but they were ineffective in treating the basic symptoms of those suffering from psychosis. Lithium will gain wide use in the mid-1960s to treat those with manic depression, now known as bipolar disorder.

            2. July 15, 1949, NIMH is officially Established in the US

              http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/nash/timeline/ As a result of this law, NIMH will be formally established on April 15, 1949.

        13. 2000

          1. 2010 DPW Announces closure of Allentown State Hospital

            http://www.dpw.state.pa.us/PartnersProviders/MentalHealthSubstanceAbuse/StateHospitals/003670147.htm

      2. State Hospitals

        1. International

          1. European

            1. 1365 - First European Asylum built in Granada Spain

              1. founded under the aegis of Islam

          2. Islam

            1. 872 AD First documented hospital for the insane .

              1. built in Cairo by Ahmad ibn Tulun in 872

        2. Overall US State Hospitals

          1. 1500

          2. 1600

          3. 1700

          4. 1800

            1. 1840's Dorothea Dix begins to lobby for 32 state hospitals and more humane treatment of the mentally ill.

              http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/nash/timeline/ U.S. reformer Dorothea Dix observes that mentally ill people in Massachusetts, both men and women and all ages, are incarcerated with criminals and left unclothed and in darkness and without heat or bathrooms. Many are chained and beaten. Over the next 40 years, Dix will lobby to establish 32 state hospitals for the mentally ill. On a tour of Europe in 1854-56, she convinces Pope Pius IX to examine how cruelly the mentally ill are treated.

            2. 1841 Institute of the Pennsylvania Hospital Opens

              "Kirkbride's Hospital"

            3. 1874 Warren State Hospital built in PA

          5. 1900

            1. 1912 Allentown State Hospital opens in PA

              In 1901, the Germantown Homeopathic Medical Society of Philadelphia assisted in introducing and furthering a bill in the state legislature to provide for the selection of a site and construction of a state hospital for the insane. The hospital was to be under homeopathic management and control. A number of areas were evaluated before the Rittersville section of Lehigh County was accepted as the construction site. The cornerstone for the hospital was laid on June 27, 1904, but because of delays in financial appropriations, the hospital was not completed until 1912. The hospital was opened on October 3, 1912 at a cost of $1,931,270.

            2. 1919 Torrance State Hospital Opens in PA

            3. 1942 Charles Lord and other Conciencious Objectors during WWII are sent to work in State Hospitals.

              NPR article "WWII Pacifists Exposed Mental Ward Horrors" - http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=122017757&ps=rs

            4. 1963 Community Mental Health Act passed

            5. 1965 Eastern State School and Hospital opens

            6. 1976 - Mental Health Procedures Act of 1976

            7. 1986 Pennhurst State School and Hospital Closes

            8. 1990 Philladelphia State Hospital Closes

            9. 1996 Eastern State School and Hospital Closes

            10. 1997 Institute of the Pennsylvania Hospital Closes

              "Kirkbride's Hospital"

          6. 2000

            1. 2010 DPW Announces closure of Allentown State Hospital

        3. Pennsylvania

          Hospitals .... in Green circles are currently open and in use Underlined only, are closed

          1. Allentown State Hospital

            1. 1912 Allentown State Hospital opens at Rittersville in Allentown, PA

              http://www.dpw.state.pa.us/PartnersProviders/MentalHealthSubstanceAbuse/StateHospitals/003670147.htm In 1901, the Germantown Homeopathic Medical Society of Philadelphia assisted in introducing and furthering a bill in the state legislature to provide for the selection of a site and construction of a state hospital for the insane. The hospital was to be under homeopathic management and control. A number of areas were evaluated before the Rittersville section of Lehigh County was accepted as the construction site. The cornerstone for the hospital was laid on June 27, 1904, but because of delays in financial appropriations, the hospital was not completed until 1912. The hospital was opened on October 3, 1912 at a cost of $1,931,270.

            2. 2010 DPW Announces closure of Allentown State Hospital

          2. Norristown State Hospital

          3. Polk

          4. Pennhurst State School and Hospital

          5. Clark's Summit State Hospital

            1. 1862 Clarks Summit State Hospital originates as a Poor Farm

          6. Harrisburg State Hospital

          7. Mayview State Hospital

          8. Torrance State Hospital

            1. 1919 Torrance State Hospital Opens in Torrance, PA on November 25

              http://www.dpw.state.pa.us/PartnersProviders/MentalHealthSubstanceAbuse/StateHospitals/003670160.htm

          9. Warren State Hospital

            Original name .... "The State Hospital for the Insane at Warren, PA"

            1. 1874 cornerstone for Center Building is laid for the State Hospital for the Insane at Warren, PA

            2. 1880 The State Hospital for the Insane at Warren, PA admits first patient on December 5 1880

            3. 1881 Dr. Curwen is elected as Physician and Superintendant of the Warren State Hospital for the Insane held from June 24, 1881 to June 15, 1900

              Info found in .... "The institutional care of the insane in the United States and Canada, Volume 4 By Henry Mills Hurd, William Francis Drewry, Richard Dewey, Charles Winfield Pilgrim, George Alder Blumer, Thomas" http://books.google.com/books?id=dg8wAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22%2BWarren%20%2BState%20%2BHospital%22&lr=&as_brr=4&pg=PA382#v=onepage&q=%22+Warren%20+State%20+Hospital%22&f=false

            4. 1920 the name was changed to Warren State Hospital.

            5. 1922 Dr. H.W. Mitchell, Superintendent, Warren State Hospital, Warren, PA

          10. Wernersville State Hospital

          11. 1965 - 1995 Eastern State School and Hospital

    2. Advocacy and other Movements

      1. Anti-Stigma

        1. Housing Discrimination

        2. Workplace Discrimination

      2. Consumer Movement

      3. Organizations

        1. NAMI

        2. NIMH

        3. PMHCA

      4. Patients' Rights Advocacy

      5. Recovery Model

        1. Elements of Recovery

          1. Coping Strategies

            1. Coping and problem solving skills

            2. Management of traits or symptoms

              1. Identify stressors

            3. Medication

            4. Psychotherapy

            5. Self-help or Self Management

          2. Empowerment and Inclusion

            Empowerment and self-determination are said to be important to recovery, including having control. This can mean developing the confidence for independent assertive decision-making and help-seeking. Achieving social inclusion may require support and may require challenging stigma and prejudice about mental distress/disorder/difference. It may also require recovering unpracticed social skills or making up for gaps in work history.[7]

          3. Hope

            Finding and nurturing hope has been described as a key to recovery. It is said to include not just optimism but a sustainable belief in oneself and a willingness to persevere through uncertainty and setbacks. Hope may start at a certain turning point, or emerge gradually as a small and fragile feeling, and may fluctuate with despair. It is said to involve trusting, and risking disappointment, failure and further hurt.

          4. Meaning

          5. Secure Base

            1. Freedom from Violence

            2. Housing

            3. Proposed Adequate Access to Healthcare

            4. Sufficient Income

          6. Self

            1. Recovery of durable sense of self

          7. Supportive Relationships

            1. Community

              1. Religious groups

              2. Volunteer

              3. Support Groups

              4. Educational Groups

              5. Any group or sub-group sharing a common interest with the individual

            2. Family

            3. Friends

    3. Media

      1. Movies & TV

        1. "One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest"

          1. Oregon State Hospital

          2. Wikipedia film Info

          3. Wikipedia Novel Info

        2. Fox's "House"

        3. Fox's "Mental"

          1. My review of the pilot episode of "Mental"

        4. The Aviator

      2. Music

      3. News

      4. Questions

        1. Does media reflect or create public views of mental illness?

        2. How has the media impacted public opinion of mental illness?

        3. What Movies have ....

          1. Harmed the public opinion of mental illness?

          2. Improved public opinion of mental illness?

          3. Increased or Caused controversy about mental illness?

      5. Use of Patient Names in media

      6. National Public Radio (NPR)

        1. 12/30/2009 "WWII Pacifists Exposed Mental Ward Horrors"

          Article ... http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=122017757&ps=rs "WWII Pacifists Exposed Mental Ward Horrors" by Joseph Shapiro

    4. Misc. Online Resources

      1. A Brilliant Madness

        http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/nash/timeline/

      2. Asylum Projects

      3. Diagnosis

        1. Depression

          1. Bipolar

          2. Clinical Depression

          3. Post Partom

        2. Dissociative Disorders

          1. Dissociative Fuge

          2. Dissociative Identity Disorder

    5. People who influenced the treatment of people with mental illness

      1. Benjamin Franklin

      2. Carrie Fisher

        Best known for her role as Princess Leiha in the original Star Wars Trillogy

        1. "Being Carrie Fisher"

        2. 10-18-2009 "Star Wars, Stigma, and Carrie Fisher" - MentalHelp.net

          http://www.mentalhelp.net/poc/view_doc.php?type=doc&id=31507&w=11&cn=4

      3. Dorothea Lynde Dix

        1. Activist

        2. 1840's Dorothea Dix begins to lobby for 32 state hospitals and more humane treatment of the mentally ill.

          http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/nash/timeline/ U.S. reformer Dorothea Dix observes that mentally ill people in Massachusetts, both men and women and all ages, are incarcerated with criminals and left unclothed and in darkness and without heat or bathrooms. Many are chained and beaten. Over the next 40 years, Dix will lobby to establish 32 state hospitals for the mentally ill. On a tour of Europe in 1854-56, she convinces Pope Pius IX to examine how cruelly the mentally ill are treated.

      4. Mike Wallace

      5. Thomas Story Kirkbride

        1. Architecture of the State - Kirkbride plan

        2. Founded or co-founded

          1. Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane

        3. Kirkbride Plan

          http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Kirkbride_Plan

        4. Kirkbride's treatment method

      6. 1942 Charles Lord and other Conciencious Objectors during WWII are sent to work in State Hospitals.

        NPR article "WWII Pacifists Exposed Mental Ward Horrors" - http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=122017757&ps=rs

    6. Politics

      1. Federal

        1. Community Mental Health Act of 1963

          http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_Mental_Health_Act

          1. Wikipedia entry

            http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_Mental_Health_Act The Community Mental Health Act of 1963 (CMHA) (also known as the Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act, Public Law 88-164, or the Mental Retardation and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act of 1963) was an act to provide federal funding for community mental health centers. This legislation was passed as part of John F. Kennedy's New Frontier. It led to considerable deinstitutionalization. In 1955, Congress passed the Mental Health Study Act, leading to the establishment of the Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Mental Health. That Commission issued a report in 1961[1], which would become the basis of the 1963 Act.[2] The CMHA provided grants to states for the establishment of local mental health centers, under the overview of the National Institute of Mental Health. The NIH also conducted a study involving adequacy in mental health issues. The purpose of the CMHA was to provide for community-based care, as an alternative to institutionalization. However, some states saw this as an excuse to close expensive state hospitals without spending some of the money on community-based care. The CMHA proved to be a mixed success. Many patients, formerly warehoused in institutions, were released into the community. However, not all communities had the facilities or expertise to deal with them.[3] In many cases, patients wound up in adult homes or with their families, or homeless in large cities[4][5], but without the mental health care they needed.[6] [edit]Further reading Arce, A. Anthony , Vergare, Michael J., "Homelessness, the chronic mentally ill and community mental health centers", Community Mental Health Journal, Springer Netherlands, Volume 23, Number 4 / December, 1987. Institute of Medicine (U.S.) Committee on Health Care for Homeless People, Institute of Medicine (U.S.), "Homelessness, Health, and Human Needs: Health Care and Human Needs", National Academies Press, 1988, ISBN 0309038324. Cf. p.97. Kramer, Morton, "Statistics of Mental Disorders in the United States: Current Status, Some Urgent Needs and Suggested Solutions", Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General), Vol. 132, No. 3 (1969), pp. 353-407, Blackwell Publishing for the Royal Statistical Society Rochefort, David A., "From Poorhouses to Homelessness: Policy Analysis and Mental Health Care", Westport, CT: Auburn House, 1993 Rudin, Edward, McInnes, Robert S., "Community Mental Health Sevices Act — Five Years of Operation Under the California Law", California Medicine, 1963 July; 99(1): 9–11. Sharfstein, Steven S., "Whatever Happened to Community Mental Health?", Psychiatric Services, 51:616-620, May 2000, American Psychiatric Association Stavis, Paul F., "Homeward Bound: The Developing Legal Right to a Home in the Community", Quality of Care Newsletter, Issue 48, April-May 1991, New York State Commission on Quality of Care and Advocacy for Persons with Disabilities. [edit]Notes ^ National Mental Health Association (NMHA) History ^ THINK ABOUT THE NEXT 25 YEARS ^ The University of California, Berkeley and San Francisco, Center for Mental Health Services Research ^ Scanlon, John, "Homelessness: Describing the Symptoms, Prescribing a Cure", Heritage Foundation, Backgrounder #729, October 2, 1989 ^ Rubin, Lillian, "Sand Castles and Snake Pits: Homelessness, Public Policy, and the Law of Unintended Consequences", Dissent journal, Fall 2007. ^ Friedman, Michael B., "Keeping The Promise of Community Mental Health", The Journal News, August 8, 2003

        2. 1976 - Mental Health Procedures Act of 1976

          Increased community based treatment?

      2. International

      3. Policy

      4. State

        1. Psychiatric Advanced Directives

      5. Questions

        1. What role have politicians played in how the mentally ill have been treated?

        2. With regards to mental illness, which Political Parties have traditionally been ...

          1. Friendly

          2. Apathetic

          3. Hostile

        3. With regards to mental illness, which Presidents have typically been ...

          1. Friendly

          2. Apathetic

          3. Hostile

        4. Do all states hold the same views when it comes to mental illness?

        5. Which states tend to be leaders in the the mental health field?

    7. Religion

      1. Catholic

      2. Free Masons

      3. Islam

        1. 872 a.d. First documented hospital for the insane built in Cairo by Ahmad ibn Tulun

          Inspired by fact that the Qur'an decreed the necessity of providing humane treatment for the insane, the first specialist institutions for the care of the mad appeared in Islamic regions. These hospitals, called maristans, were well regarded with European travellers reporting back on their wonder at the care and kindness shown to lunatics. The first such documented hospital for the insane was built in Cairo by Ahmad ibn Tulun in 872.[2] Nonetheless, Roy Porter cautions against idealising the role of hospitals generally in medieval Islam stating that: "They were a drop in the ocean for the vast population that they had to serve, and their true function lay in highlighting ideals of compassion and bringing together the activities of the medical profession."

      4. Quakers

      5. Questions

        1. What role has religion played in treating the mentally ill?

        2. Did religious leaders make declarations or decrees effecting the care, treatment or general view of the mentally ill?

        3. Are there Religions who's views of the mentally ill have traditionally been ...

          1. Apathetic?

          2. Friendly?

          3. Hostile?

    8. Research & Technology

      1. Questions

        1. Has research influenced the care of mentally ill?

        2. What role has research played in treatments available?

    9. Terminology

      1. 800 maristans

        Used in 800's in Islamic region as a name for first specialized hopspitals for the insane ... inspired by the Qur'an

        1. Used in 800's in Islamic region as a name for first specialized hopspitals for the insane ... inspired by the Qur'an

      2. Asylum

      3. Deranged

      4. Institute

      5. Institution

      6. Lunatic

      7. Mental Hospital

      8. Mental Institute

      9. Poor House

      10. Snake Pit

      11. State Hospital

      12. State School

    10. Treatment

      I placed "treatment" in quotes, because I know that as time has progressed methods of treatment that were once considered inhumane are now in some cases considered controversial or in some cases even barbaric. My use of quotes does not indicate any bias on my part either for or against the treatment of mental illness, it is more to recognize that "treatments" may or may not be considered treatments at the time this map was created.

      1. Questions

        1. How has treatment changed over the years?

        2. Who or what caused treatments to change?

          1. Political Changes

          2. Public Opinion

          3. Advances in Technology

        3. When did community based treatment start becoming common practice?

          1. Pennsylvania

          2. USA

          3. Internationally

        4. Where is community based treatment said to have it's roots?

        5. Who is credited with initiating and/or promoting the idea of community based treatment as opposed to treatment in state hospitals?

      2. Treatment Methods

        1. Both Inpatient and Outpatient

          1. EMDR

            1. EMDR Institute

              1. Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) Model

              2. Francine Shapiro Ph.D.

            2. EMDR Network

              1. 8 Phases of Treatment

                1. 1 History and Treatment Planning

                2. 2 Preparation

                3. 3 Assessment & Reprocessing

                4. 4 Desensitization

                5. 5 Installation

                6. 6 Body Scan

                7. 7 Closure

                8. 8 Revelation

          2. Hypnosis

          3. Labotomy

            1. The Lobotomist

              http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/lobotomist/bedlam/page_2.html Excerpt Pennsylvania state law requires that all milk except Grade A be pasteurized. Grade A milk is required to have a bacteria count of fewer than 50,000 per cubic centimeter. On 22 separate occasions from January 1943 to December 1944 tests were made of the milk served in the patients' dining room at Warren State Hospital. On only six occasions did it comply with the law. The average bacteria count of this unpasteurized raw milk was 398,100. On three occasions it exceeded 1,250,000 and on one occasion it exceeded 3,200,000!

          4. Psychopharmacology

          5. Psychotherapy

        2. Inpatient

          1. ECT

          2. Hydrotherapy

          3. Insulin Shock

        3. Outpatient

        4. Restraints and Seclusion

          1. 1998 Allentown First State Hospital to go "Seclusion Free" last use of seclusion was in November 1998

      3. Treatment Settings

        1. Inpatient

          1. Long-term

            1. First State Hospitals

              1. International

                1. Where is the first documented State Hospital internationally?

                  1. 872 AD First documented hospital for the insane .

                    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_asylums#Medieval_era

                    1. built in Cairo by Ahmad ibn Tulun in 872

                      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_asylums#Medieval_era

                2. Europe

                  1. 1365 in Spain

                    the first hospital in Europe dedicated to the care of the insane was founded under the aegis of Islam in Spain in Granada in 1365

              2. Pennsylvania

                1. What were the beliefs or ideals about the care and treatment of patients were held by those involved in starting the first state hospital?

                2. Where was the first State Hospital built in Pennsylvania?

                3. Who was involved in building it?

                4. Why was it built?

              3. USA

                1. Who was involved in getting it built?

                2. Where was the first State Hospital built in the US?

            2. Patient Background

              1. What kinds of reasons were people admitted to state hospitals?

                1. Financial?

                2. Political?

                3. Disputes?

                4. Medical?

                5. Mental?

                6. Legal?

                7. Orphaned or Abandoned?

              2. What ages have people been admitted at?

            3. Purpose

              1. How has their purpose changed since their start?

                1. Were State Hospitals used for research purposes?

              2. Were State Hospitals used strictly for treating mentally ill or were there other purposes for them?

            4. US State Hospitals

              1. Greystone Park Psychiatric Hospital

                1. Articles

                  1. April 14, 2009 "TV show 'House to film at Greystone Park Psychiatric Hospital"

                    http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2009/04/tv_show_house_to_film_at_greys.html The massive old Greystone Park Psychiatric Hospital is "open" for business again, and its top doctor may be Hugh Laurie, star of TV's "House." Crews from the popular Fox TV show spent today re-making the abandoned state hospital in Parsippany into the fictional Mayfield Psychiatric Hospital. They are expected to shoot some background scenes for next year's episodes of the popular series Wednesday morning. Officials from Universal Studios were tight-lipped about their plans at Greystone and whether any stars of the show might be on hand today. They said the set would be closed to the public. Police also said the road leading to the hospital would be temporarily closed. Steve Gorelick, executive director of the New Jersey Motion Picture and Television Commission, also had little to say about the show's filming today. "They told us they really don't want any publicity about what they are doing," said Gorelick. "We have to honor that." Greystone opened in 1876 as a state-of-the-art mental health facility. It eventually turned into a massive, nearly half-million-square-foot ruin. Only the center portion of the old hospital, which housed the administration, remained open in recent years. It was abandoned last year when a new Greystone opened nearby. Just what to do with the spooky old structure is being pondered by historians, local and county officials and the state Treasury Department, which now holds the title to the building. "House" is a medical drama, whose hero -- Laurie -- is billed as an "irreverent, controversial doctor who trusts no one, least of all his patients." The Emmy-winning drama celebrated its 100th episode on Feb. 2. Greystone had a previous encounter with celluloid fame in the mid-1990s when Meryl Streep and Leonardo DiCaprio came there for three days to film "Marvin's Room."

                2. Kirkbride Buildings

                  http://www.kirkbridebuildings.com/buildings/greystonepark/

              2. Oregon State Hospital

              3. Pennsylvania Facilities

                1. Closed

                  1. Eastern State School and Hospital (ESSH) 1965 - 1996

                    1. Asylum Projects

                      http://www.asylumprojects.org/tiki-index.php?page=Eastern+State+School+and+Hospital Eastern State School and Hospital Alternate Names Date built: 1965 Building Plan: Cottage Plan Current Status: Closed History: This institution was opened exclusively for children under the age of 18. It was closed in 1996.

                    2. The Eastern State School and Hospital Page

                      http://robbieknobbie.tripod.com/essh/essh.html The Eastern State School and Hospital used to operate about two miles north of Byberry along Rt 1, across from the Juvinile Detention Center. All three of these facilities have since been closed down or pressen into other duties. The Eastern State School has been abandoned for about three years and is steadily being demolished in favor of office/retail space. The clinic (main) building has nearly completed its transformation into deluxe office space and the school building has been leveled. The remaining structures await the wrecking ball. Cold and lifeless they are open to the elements. The recreation building sits across the new parking lot and a small dirt field from the new office complex. At one time the building housed a large round assembly hall, a soda shop, and a dayroom complete with a (somewhat industrial looking) fireplace.

                    3. The Pennsylvania Bulletin

                      NOTICES Revision of Payment Methodology for Inpatient Psychiatric Care [26 Pa.B. 3051] Inpatient Psychiatric Services The purpose of this announcement is to provide advance public notice that the Department of Public Welfare is revising its payment methods and standards for inpatient psychiatric services provided to adolescent males ages 14--21 who, because of their status with the juvenile court system and their concomitant psychiatric impairment, require psychiatric inpatient treatment in a secure setting, effective July 1, 1996. Revision of Payment Methodology for Inpatient Psychiatric Care Currently, the Department provides inpatient psychiatric care to adolescents under the jurisdiction of the Juvenile Court System who have been committed to psychiatric inpatient care under the Mental Health Procedures Act. At present, this service is available to individuals in the 67 counties of the Commonwealth in a State operated facility. The State operated facility known as Eastern State School and Hospital that currently houses this service is scheduled to close June 30, 1996. Therefore, it is the intent of the Department to offer this service in a community-based facility. In order to support this service on and after July 1, 1996, the Department will recognize a new provider type known as a Juvenile Forensic Service Provider. The service provider will provide inpatient psychiatric care in a secure setting and must comply with Federal and State Medicaid law and regulations and the licensing standards and requirements of the Department. Payment for the juvenile forensic service will be made on a prospective per diem basis. Fiscal Impact There will be a decrease in overall State and Federal expenditures as a result of this privatization. The decrease in per diem is expected to result in a savings of $600,000 in Federal dollars and $500,000 in State dollars for a total of $1,100,000 during fiscal year 96/97. A decrease in per diem is expected over the next 5 years. Review and Comments A copy of this notice is available for review at local county assistance offices throughout the Commonwealth. Interested persons are invited to submit their written comments about this notice to the Department within 30 days of publication of the notice in the Pennsylvania Bulletin. Comments should be addressed to Ron Bennett, Office of Mental Health, P. O. Box 2675, Harrisburg, PA 17105-2675. FEATHER O. HOUSTOUN, Secretary Fiscal Note: 14-NOT-124. No fiscal impact; (8) recommends adoption. This announcement notifies the public that the Department of Public Welfare intends to close Eastern State School and Hospital on June 30, 1996, and transfer its adolescent male psychiatric patients to a private facility and create a new provider type known as Juvenile Forensic Service Provider. This change will result in a savings for 1996-97 of $500,000 to the Mental Health Services Appropriation. [Pa.B. Doc. No. 96-1058. Filed for public inspection June 28, 1996, 9:00 a.m.] No part of the information on this site may be reproduced for profit or sold for profit. This material has been drawn directly from the official Pennsylvania Bulletin full text database. Due to the limitations of HTML or differences in display capabilities of different browsers, this version may differ slightly from the official printed version.

                  2. Mayview State Hospital

                  3. Pennhurst State School and Hospital - Spring city, PA ? - 1986

                  4. Philladelphia State Hospital (Byberry) ? - 1990

                    1. News Articles

                      1. "Old Byberry State Hospital site will be put up for sale"

                        http://philadelphia.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/stories/1997/04/28/story7.html Friday, April 25, 1997 The site of the old Philadelphia State Hospital in Northeast Philadelphia, also known as Byberry State Hospital, will soon be up for sale by the Pennsylvania Department of General Services. Closed since 1990, the 185-acre tract is home to 32 buildings. In the meantime, there's a problem. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issued a compliance order earlier this month to have the property secured and sealed following evidence that the former psychiatric facility contained asbestos-laden materials. Responding to that news, Pennsylvania Secretary of General Services Gary E. Crowell announced a contract with Jack Cohen & Co., a Hatboro contractor, to seal the buildings. Julie Ohlson, spokeswoman for the General Services Department, said that the effort will cost $1.2 million, and that the sealing of all floors in all buildings will take until September to complete. Jim Wiler, Cohen's president, said that his company was in no way involved with removal of the asbestos, and was contracted only to seal the lower floors of the structures. "They tell me the place might be sold by the time we finish," he said. Ohlson admitted that the primary responsibility for removal of the asbestos will fall on the future developer, and could not say whether or how much of the hazardous material the state would remove before a sale. The brick structures were built between 1910 and 1950, and are currently in poor condition. Together, they represent 1.8 million square feet of space, including a couple of warehouses. "This is considered a `surplus'" piece of real estate, Ohlson said. "We offer it to other state agencies and see if they have a use for it. Then we need to seek legislative approval." The state will retain 32 acres for use by the Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. "The developers will have till June 13th to obtain a request for proposal from the General Services Administration," Ohlson said. "As far as the abatement and demolition at the site, that'll be a part of the RFP." She would not approximate the value of the property or its buildings, or identify any potential bidders, but acknowledged early interest from some developers. Don't expect to see much action being taken on the property any time soon, however. Ohlson said she expects the two-phase bidding process to take longer than the asbestos cleanup. The first phase involves prequalifying vendors, which looks at a developer's experience and ability to finance the project. The second phase involves getting more details from the potential developers. No deadline has been set for this process. "I don't know anybody in the real estate industry that would really want to get involved with that property," said Larry Korman of Korman Suites Apartments. "I think there are probably a lot of unknowns -- what it will cost to renovate and who the market would be, or what the market would bear." The site is currently zoned for residential use. The General Services Department is also readying the nearby Eastern State School and Hospital in Bensalem for bid, with an announcement expected in May. The sprawling 114-acre property near Route 1, Street Road and the Pennsylvania Turnpike has gained the interest of Senior Campus Living of Baltimore, which would like to turn it into a $250 million retirement community. The proposal calls for 1,100 new jobs and 2,200 seniors housed in apartments, an assisted living community and a nursing home.

                  5. The Institute of the Pennsylvania Hospital 1841 - 1997

                2. Open

                  1. Allentown State Hospital

                    http://www.dpw.state.pa.us/PartnersProviders/MentalHealthSubstanceAbuse/StateHospitals/003670147.htm Allentown State Hospital 1600 Hanover Avenue Allentown, Pennsylvania 18109-2498

                    1. History

                      Information in the section on the history of Allentown State Hospital came from the following places .... DPW - http://www.dpw.state.pa.us/PartnersProviders/MentalHealthSubstanceAbuse/StateHospitals/003670147.htm Kiwanians - http://articles.mcall.com/1985-09-05/news/2482700_1_club-members-northeast-kiwanians-allentown-state-hospital

                      1. 1901 Site selected with assistance from Germantown Homeopathic Medical Society of Philadelphia

                      2. 1904 Cornerstone laid on June 27th

                      3. 1912 completed

                      4. 1912 opened October 3

                      5. 1950 Census peaked at 2,012 patients

                      6. 1998 Two hours of program off the unit every weekday was instituted as a unique Centralized Program in September of 1998

                      7. 2010 DPW Announces closure of Allentown State Hospital

                      8. Census

                        1. Declined in part because of ....

                          1. Mental Health Procedures Act of 1976 lead to an increase in community mental health services

                          2. developments in the field of psychopharmacology

                          3. a transfer of funding from the State Hospitals to the community through the Community Hospital Integration Program Project (CHIPPs).

                      9. Club 44

                        http://articles.mcall.com/1985-09-05/news/2482700_1_club-members-northeast-kiwanians-allentown-state-hospital Northeast Kiwanians, Young Patients Winners Service Project At State Hospital Earns Club Prize September 05, 1985|by PHYLLIS GUTH, The Morning Call A motivational project for young patients at Allentown State Hospital won first prize (the Governor's Trophy) in the state for Allentown Northeast Kiwanis Club. "Club 44," a service project initiated during the 1984-85 fiscal year, is an expansion of the organization's ongoing service project at the Mental Health Institute for Children of Allentown State Hospital which has been in continuous operation since the club received its charter in 1960. Club 44 was so named because, in order to become a member, a child must attain, in the opinion of his doctor, "level 4," an indication that the youngster has a good attitude and is achieving his best in work and at play. Open after school and during evening and weekend hours, the secluded club room is furnished like a family room and equipped with a cassette player, television set, books, games, stereo and easy chairs. The idea was to create a home-like environment. Dave Gery, activities therapy director at the hospital, who approached the Kiwanians with the idea for the club, says children functioning at the highest level of responsibility formed a committee to decide what they wanted. A program staff helped direct the youngsters. Gery says the children set up guidelines regarding use of the equipment. A staff member is either in the room or in one adjacent to it while Club 44 is in use. The Kiwanians started the club with an initial donation of $500. Additional funds were provided for incidentals. Books, drapes, carpets and crayons were donated by Kiwanians and friends. One Kiwanis member built book shelves. About 50 youngsters have benefitted from the project in the nine months ithas been in operation. Hughes expects many more will benefit in future years. As a special reward, the hospital staff selects two children bimonthly to be guests at the regular Kiwanis luncheon meetings. The Kiwanis Club also provides pizza parties periodically for club members. "The biggest positive is the involvement of community groups," Gery says. "If we were not able to work with civic organizations, we really would not be able to have programs such as this." John G. Hughes, chairman of the club's youth committee, says Club 44 was chosen as the outstanding service project from more than 200 contest entries. Allentown Northeast Kiwanis Club draws its members from Allentown as well as the surrounding communities; most are employed on Allentown's East Side. James H. Schubert is club president.

                      10. First in the nation to eliminate seclusion rooms as a treatment modality for people in crisis. In addition, the long standing use of physical restraints and unscheduled medications have been replaced by extensive staff training in verbal intervention and communications that facilitate de-escalation and an increased understanding of stressors and issues for the person in crisis.

                      11. First Superintendent was Dr. Henry Klopp a Homeopathic Physician

                        http://www.dpw.state.pa.us/PartnersProviders/MentalHealthSubstanceAbuse/StateHospitals/003670147.htm 1930 Dr. Klopp and developed a psychiatric treatment program for psychiatrically impaired children. This program, under the direction of Dr. Klopp, was opened in 1930 and functioned as the only program of its type in the state until the 1960s when Eastern State School and Hospital was opened. The Mental Health Institute for Children, as it was called, maintained a population of 140 children from across the state during the years when it was the only statewide facility for children. With the development of alternate programs in the community and construction of a State Hospital dedicated to children and adolescents, the need for the facility became less crucial and the unit was closed in June of 1992.

                        1. 1930 Dr. Klopp and developed a psychiatric treatment program for psychiatrically impaired children. This program, under the direction of Dr. Klopp, was opened in 1930 and functioned as the only program of its type in the state until the 1960s when Eastern State School and Hospital was opened. The Mental Health Institute for Children, as it was called, maintained a population of 140 children from across the state during the years when it was the only statewide facility for children. With the development of alternate programs in the community and construction of a State Hospital dedicated to children and adolescents, the need for the facility became less crucial and the unit was closed in June of 1992.

                          1930 Dr. Klopp and developed a psychiatric treatment program for psychiatrically impaired children. This program, under the direction of Dr. Klopp, was opened in 1930 and functioned as the only program of its type in the state until the 1960s when Eastern State School and Hospital was opened. The Mental Health Institute for Children, as it was called, maintained a population of 140 children from across the state during the years when it was the only statewide facility for children. With the development of alternate programs in the community and construction of a State Hospital dedicated to children and adolescents, the need for the facility became less crucial and the unit was closed in June of 1992.

                      12. Over time hospital transitioned from it's original homeopathic treatments towards the Medical Model

                      13. seclusion, restraint and prn medications was replaced by the philosophy of "The more you do with the patients, the less you have to do to them".

                    2. Serves Lehigh, Northampton, Carbon, Monroe, Pike Counties

                  2. Clarks Summit State Hospital

                    http://www.dpw.state.pa.us/PartnersProviders/MentalHealthSubstanceAbuse/StateHospitals/003670148.htm

                  3. Danville State Hospital

                  4. Norristown State Hospital

                  5. Torrance State Hospital

                    http://www.dpw.state.pa.us/PartnersProviders/MentalHealthSubstanceAbuse/StateHospitals/003670160.htm

                  6. Warren State Hospital 1874 to present

                    http://www.dpw.state.pa.us/partnersproviders/mentalhealthsubstanceabuse/statehospitals/003670893.htm Warren State Hospital welcomes you… Warren State Hospital is dedicated to providing the best opportunity for recovery to persons admitted for treatment. Furthermore, we realize the importance of families or significant others in our patients' responses to treatment, as well as their important role in the person's support system. Therefore, with the patient's permission, the hospital makes every effort to include families in treatment and discharge planning activities. This commitment to quality psychiatric care and family involvement in treatment is reflected in our mission statement. We also know the importance of continuity of care in insuring the shortest stay possible and the continuation of needed care and support after discharge from the hospital. Discharge planning even begins before the patient's admission and continues throughout their hospitalization, ending with an individualized aftercare plan that guides the person's return to community living. This comprehensive aftercare plan ensures the identification of needed services and supports after discharge. It also designates who is responsible for providing each service. This aftercare plan is then monitored by the county MH program and modified or revised as needed to facilitate the person's long-term adjustment to community living. In providing care, Warren State Hospital is just one component in a continuum of comprehensive care that is available to residents of northwestern Pennsylvania with persistent and serious mental illness. Our responsibility to people who need our services and support is to provide the most current and effective inpatient treatment interventions and psycho-rehabilitation activities that will promote recovery. Community services for persons with serious mental illness have improved steadily over the past decade and as a result fewer and fewer persons need our level of care, which is certainly gratifying. However, should anyone need longer-term inpatient care, the staff of Warren State Hospital and I want to assure you that we will provide the best care possible and work as hard as we can to return you as quickly as possible to your family, to your community and to a productive life that is satisfying to you. David Kucherawy Chief Executive Officer Admission Process Patients admitted to Warren State Hospital must come directly from an in-patient hospitalization at a community hospital. Admission referrals from the general public are not accepted. If the treating physician at the community hospital determines that the patient requires longer-term psychiatric treatment, a referral is initiated by the community hospital with the approval of the appropriate county mental health program. Referrals are accepted from the following counties: Cameron, Clarion, Clearfield, Crawford, Elk, Erie, Forest, Jefferson, McKean, Mercer, Potter, Venango and Warren. Admission Staff Chief Admission's Officer: Pam Shaffer, Director Social Services Admission Coordinator: Martha Christensen, 814 726-4415 Alternate Admission Coordinator: Ron Osche, 814 584-1080 Location of Admissions Department/Unit The Admissions Office is located in Room 118, Center Building. The address for the Admissions Office is: Social Service Department Warren State Hospital 33 Main Drive North Warren, PA 16365 Attention: Admission Officer Hours of Operation and Contact Information Social Work staff is available weekdays. The Admissions Coordinator can be reached by calling 814-726-4415 from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. to answer questions about admission procedures. Visiting Guidelines Visiting hours are normally 9 a.m. - 8 p.m. It is appreciated if visitors do not arrive during patient meal periods, which are between 11:30 a.m. - 1 p.m. and 4:30 p.m. - 6 p.m. We encourage you to visit your relative within the following guidelines: Children are welcomed as long as they are supervised by a responsible adult. No children under the age of 15 are to visit on ward areas. Off-unit visitation areas are available for this purpose. Time will be limited to 30-45 minutes. Special rules apply if your relative is on the Forensic Center. These are explained to visitors by the Forensic Center social worker. Arrangements for visiting are made by contacting the patient's social worker, nurse or doctor. It is advisable to call in advance of a planned visit to ensure that the patient is not involved in a treatment program at that time. Under some circumstances, some visitors may be restricted. If this is the case, the reason for the restriction will be explained to the visitor. Visits outside of normal visiting hours must be approved by the shift/unit supervisor. It is preferred that the visitor make arrangements in advance when visits are requested outside of normal business hours. Phone Calls: A phone is available on every ward for patient use where local calls are without charge. All patients must assume responsibility for any long distance charges. Patients are not permitted to make or receive calls on ward phones between the hours of 10 p.m. and 7 a.m. In case of emergency families must phone the ward office. Neither beepers nor pagers are permitted. Patient's Rights In providing quality care to patients, Warren State Hospital is committed to protecting the rights of our patients. In fact, protection of rights is one of our strongest organizational values. We want all patients to be treated with dignity and respect. We want our patients to know their rights and to have both informal and formal means to express their complaints and grievances with the hospital. We want to be responsive and sensitive to patient complaints. In fulfilling this commitment to protection of rights, we have committed resources, instituted proactive measures and implemented numerous safeguards. Among these are: Employing a Client Rights Representative (CRR) who is independent of the hospital administration Independent monitoring of the rights protection program by the Human Rights and Advocacy Committee (HRAC) whose membership includes non-employees as well as employees, Implementing a formal and informal patient complaint process that is directed and monitored by the CRR and HRAC Providing regular training to all hospital employees on patient rights Ensuring that patients and their families are informed of the patient's rights upon admission Granting the CRR executive staff status to enable him to have direct access and influence on hospital policies and operating a patient abuse investigation system to investigate allegations of abuse. Furthermore, the Patient Bill of Rights, as outlined in the Title 55 of the Pennsylvania Code, is posted on each ward, along with information on how to contact the Disability Rights Network of Pennsylvania and the Bureau of Equal Opportunity. These agencies also provide oversight of our rights protection program and have the capabilities to conduct independent investigations of complaints filed by patients or their families. In addition to providing each patient with a copy of their rights, the CRR meets with patients shortly after their admission to educate them on their rights, to explain the grievance/complaint process and to answer any questions they may have regarding their rights. Throughout their hospitalization, patients have immediate access to the CRR. The CRR is also available to assist families with any concerns or complaints they may have regarding the care and treatment of their relative. The CRR provides direct assistance to patients in resolving complaints and follows-up as needed to insure the matter has been resolved to the patient's or family's satisfaction. Patient Programs Currently, Warren State Hospital offers a wide variety of treatment, rehabilitation and education programs to patients on the hospital's treatment areas: General Population [North Center and South Center], the Forensic Center and the Special Care Unit. Patient programs and services are designed to meet identified needs among the patient population and to directly contribute to fulfilling Warren State Hospital's mission and broad goals of providing all patients with the highest quality programs and services that promote recovery and return to community living as quickly as possible. The numerous programs and treatment services available to patients that promote recovery from serious mental illness are divided into four broad categories. These are: treatment services, psychosocial and vocational rehabilitation programs, educational programs and social/recreational programs. With the exception of some social-recreational activities, all programs provided to patients are integrated into their individualized, comprehensive treatment plans. Therapeutic, educational and rehabilitative programs most often provide the means by which patients achieve specific short- term and long-term treatment goals that will enable them to return to the most appropriate community care setting. Treatment Services: These are services that are directed at alleviation of the positive symptoms of serious mental illness. These symptoms can include: perceptual disturbances, thought disturbances and/or disturbances of mood or affect. Treatment services are also directed at reduction of negative symptoms such as lack of motivation, neglect of self, poor social skill and/or withdrawal from family and friends. The most important of all treatment programs for persons with serious mental illness is psychopharmacology or the prescribing of medications that directly target both the positive and negative symptoms of serious mental illness. The patient's psychiatrist prescribes and monitors the effects and outcomes of medications. In most cases, individuals respond positively to their medications, which opens the door to recovery and rehabilitation and return to community living. Numerous other treatment programs are provided by clinical staff and are based upon the individual needs of patients. Some of these include: individual psychotherapy, group therapy, cognitive remediation, behavioral development programs such as anger management, stress management and coping skills development. In addition, the hospital has implemented clinical pathways for Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Metabolic Syndrome: Prevention and Management, PennMAPS and persons with a diagnosis of depression. For patients who have experienced difficulties with substance abuse, the hospital, through its certified addictions counselor, offers drug and alcohol treatment that utilizes an educational approach to help participants acquire the skills and knowledge needed to prevent relapse. Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Vocational Programs: Warren State Hospital provides numerous rehabilitation programs that promote recovery and assist persons in returning to their communities as quickly as possible with the skills needed for the most independent functioning possible. Many of the psychosocial rehabilitation and educational programs for patients are offered through the hospital's Recovery Center. The Recovery Center is a centralized program area where patients can attend classes and programs prescribed by their individualized treatment plan to meet their current needs. Examples of programs available on the Recovery Center are: Stress Management, Emotional Regulation and Drug and Alcohol Coping Skills. Other topics include current events, effective problem solving skills, mental health awareness, self-awareness and numerous other programs that assist persons in becoming more independent and improving their self-care and self-direction. In addition, the Warren State Hospital provides basic work adjustment through its Sheltered Employment Program. The employment center provides patients with a work experience that is quite similar to that found in production-based competitive employment situations. Individuals participating in this program undergo a basic work adjustment and work skill evaluation that serves as the basis for the establishment of work skill and work habit development. Workers are paid on a piece rate or hourly basis for their work. A Job Recovery Program gives patients the opportunity to work in areas of interest around the hospital; including the library, canteen, garage, dietary and custodial. Patients have access to a wide variety of Therapeutic Recreation programs that are directed at meeting patients' needs for increases in social interaction, group interaction skills, recreational interests/skills and social skills. The Therapeutic Recreation Department's music therapist also provides individualized music therapy and the department's art therapist conducts individual and group art therapy. The Special Care Unit treats patients whose conditions are complicated by the aging process, posttraumatic brain injury or other serious neurological impairments. Patients on this treatment unit not only receive active psychiatric treatment services, but are also provided highly specialized programs and services directed at building sensory and motor functions that are impaired due to the aging process, brain trauma or other serious neurological conditions. These specialized programs include sensory skill development, re-motivation therapy, pet therapy, managing life changes, speech and language development, reality orientation, physical therapy and exercise/range of motion training, current events and arts and crafts. Speech, Hearing and Language (SHL) services are available for patients who are identified as having significant impairment in language skills or who have hearing impairments that impede daily functioning. SHL services provide persons in need with individual and group programs and therapy that will enable them to improve their basic communication skills, thereby, improving their social adjustment and self-management. Educational Programs: To assist persons with recovery from serious mental illness, the hospital provides patients with many educational programs to increase their level of basic knowledge and information needed for self-management after discharge from the hospital. These programs include: Symptom Management, Medication Education, Solutions for Wellness, Nutrition Education and Activities of Daily Living. In addition, the hospital provides patients with an Adult Basic Education program. In this program, patients not only engage in remedial education according to their assessed needs, but also are given the opportunity to learn basic computer skills. The Intermediate Unit provides educational services to patients between the ages of 18 and 21 who have not achieved a high school diploma in order to provide educational enrichment. Social-Recreational Programs: Since patient's lengths of stay at Warren State Hospital typically approach several weeks, the hospital provides numerous social and recreational activities. These not only provide patients with wholesome activities, but also opportunities to develop recreational interests that have carry-over value and to improve their physical fitness. Patients can obtain a fishing license and can go on fishing trips off campus. The hospital maintains four bowling alleys specifically for patient use. There are numerous parties, picnics and dances for patients, as well as frequent trips to various recreational areas and activities near the hospital. To promote wellness, patients can join the Walking Club where they can earn points to buy tee shirts, jackets and hats that recognize them for achieving certain distance milestones. Examples of other social-recreational programs are: weight training, arts and crafts, Tai Chi, sing-a-long/karaoke, various team sports, bocce and movies. Cultural and Religion Sensitivity: In addition to the four categories of programs provided to patients, all patients have the right to worship and practice their religious beliefs at the hospital. Chaplains from the Protestant and Catholic faiths and a Jewish Rabbi are available to assist patients in practicing their respective religions. In addition, patients have ready-access to pastoral counseling. For patients whose faith/religion is outside the traditional denominations, the hospital's Culturally Appropriate Treatment and Services Committee works with the individual and his or her treatment team to insure that the person's religious needs are met. Warren State Hospital also respects the cultural diversity, heritages and beliefs of all patients. This requires that our staff identify with patients the cultural influences, needs, norms and beliefs that are important to them and to assist them in whatever way possible in conforming to these throughout their hospitalization. This means that patients must be given the opportunity and support needed to adhere to their cultural beliefs. It also means that treatment provided our patients must respect and be sensitive to their individual cultural needs. Directions From Erie: I-79 S to I-90 W to I-86 E to Rt. 60 S (Jamestown, NY exit) to 62 S (Warren) From Mercer area: I-80 E to Rt. 8 N to Rt. 62 N to Rt. 6 W (Warren) From southeast Pennsylvania: I-80 W to Pennfield Exit to Rt. 153 N to Rt. 219 N to Ridgway Rt. 948 N to Sheffield Rt. 6 W to Warren When you arrive in Warren take Rt. 62 N (also Market Street extension) and look for WSH signs. For more detailed information you can visit commercial map and direction services on the Web or call the Business Office at Warren State Hospital at 814/726-4478. Employment Opportunities Warren State Hospital provides a variety of employment opportunities. For specific information regarding current and future openings please contact: Human Resource Department Warren State Hospital 33 Main Drive North Warren, PA 16365 Telephone: 814-726-4219 Contact Person: Nancy Saulo, HR Director Or visit the State Civil Service Commission website at www.scsc.state.pa.us for additional information. We're always looking for Registered Nurses who are dedicated to the Psychiatric care of adults with Mental Illnesses. For great Nursing Career opportunities visit www.nursing.state.pa.us History of Warren State Hospital Warren State Hospital was one of the first large mental hospitals to be built exactly following the "Kirkbride Model." The Kirkbride Model was named after Dr. Thomas Kirkbride, who in the middle of the 19th century designed mental hospital buildings in a manner that permitted natural sunlight to enter in each room sometime each day. Another feature of a Kirkbride building is that it had its own natural air conditioning, using venting towers to pull air up and through each room in the building. Furthermore, Kirkbride paid much attention to the grounds surrounding his buildings. This often included landscaping with shrubbery and trees in a park-like setting with fountains and tree-lined drives. Center Building at Warren State Hospital was designed by Kirkbride and originally built to accommodate 650 patients. It has all of the features listed above, i.e. rooms open to sunlight each day, natural air conditioning, fountains at the main entrance, a tree-lined entrance and pleasant landscaping. The cornerstone for Center Building was laid on Sept 10, 1874. The construction was long and tough. The cellars were all dug by hand. Single horse-driven carts were used to move the stone from the quarry to the building site, more than a mile away. Nineteen loads of stone and one of sand was considered a good day's work. Every stone used in the construction was hauled to the masons in wheelbarrows. Most of the sixteen million bricks were manufactured, shaped, and fired on the site, including rounded bricks and keystones. As walls went up, one mason worked on the outside to every two bricklayers working on the inside wall. Six men were hired to do nothing but sharpen the stonemasons' tools. Construction started at opposite ends of the building and worked towards the center. The towers on the front of Center Building were built last and horses were used to hoist these final stones. The State Hospital for the Insane at Warren, PA, as it was named, admitted its first patient on Dec 5, 1880. Dr. John Curwen was the first full time superintendent. From the beginning, the State Hospital was at the forefront of treatment for persons with mental illness. It opened an outpatient clinic in 1885 for people who did not need to be hospitalized and a free clinic was offered two times a month for people who could not pay. At about the same time, a patients' library was established, recreation therapy was instituted and an art teacher was hired. Dr. Curwen retired in 1900 at the age of 79. Other superintendents continued to make changes. Patients were provided the most current treatments and activities such as fishing, picnics, annual 4th of July outings (which were held on the islands in the Conewango Creek), and an annual Christmas party. A patients' baseball team was formed and it played against local teams. Also, Annual Field Days became a big event for patients in which they participated in a variety of competitive games and events. The hospital was self-sustaining in that it raised its beef cattle, managed a prize-winning dairy herd, grew and packed its own vegetables. It also had a laundry, bakery and large kitchen. In fact, money from oil, which was discovered on the land, was used to enlarge the farmland. Patients were involved in "Industrial Therapy" and in doing so, provided much of the labor for the farm operations, laundry, cannery, grounds keeping, and cleaning. In 1901 a school for nurses was opened. In 1903 the first class graduated. The school was closed in 1936. By 1916, the patient population had grown to 1,116 patients. Through the years, the hospital changed with the times. The patient population continued to grow and more buildings were erected to accommodate them. In 1920, the name was changed to Warren State Hospital. Other changes included: A psychiatric residency program, accredited by the American Medical Association, was established and trained many psychiatrists until closing in the mid-1980's. A psychiatric technician program was started to better train direct care staff. Statistics kept by the hospital beginning in the early 1950's demonstrated that the majority of persons hospitalized at Warren State Hospital were successfully discharged to community living. These statistics were instrumental in getting congressional funding to start the National Institute for Mental Health. A gymnasium/auditorium, capable of seating 1,100, was built for patients. The de-institutionalization movement started by the Community Mental Health Act of 1963 eventually resulted in the discharge of many persons from Warren State Hospital during the 1970's. In 1963, there were about 2,600 patients at the hospital. By 1980, the number of patients was about 1,900 with continued reduction continuing through the 1980's, resulting in approximately 600 patients remaining by 1990. A treatment unit was established to meet the special needs of adolescents. In 1970, construction was completed on the Institute for Geriatric Research, which was later renamed the Israel Building, after long-time superintendent Robert Israel. A Forensic Unit was opened to provide inpatient psychiatric care and competency evaluations for inmates in jails across the hospital's catchment area. Today it remains as a 27-bed unit serving 31 counties in Pennsylvania. A research program for geriatric studies was funded at the hospital by the commonwealth for many years. Lead researcher Dr. Phillip Swartz made several important discoveries in brain physiology and pathology. The program was discontinued in the mid-1970's. Warren State Hospital was the first hospital to erect a building using both state and private monies. This was the Inter-faith Chapel and today both patients and community members worship together at Protestant, Catholic and Jewish services. The hospital was the first one in Pennsylvania to successfully complete a large community-hospital integration project. Ultimately, from 1993 to 1996, approximately 140 patients from Erie County were successfully returned to community living with funds being transferred from the hospital's budget to the mental health budget of Erie County to support their care. The hospital initiated a policy of leasing surplus buildings to community human service agencies, which resulted in nearly 30 such agencies moving onto hospital grounds. Many changes have taken place at Warren State Hospital over the past 127 years, but throughout its history, it has been committed to providing the best care possible to its patients and to being a leader in treatment of persons with serious mental illness. Today, the hospital has the ability to serve 216 patients in Civil and 27 in Forensic and remains an integral and important component in the continuum of care for persons with serious mental illness who reside in northwestern Pennsylvania. The hospital's service area encompasses the following counties: Cameron, Clarion, Clearfield, Crawford, Elk, Erie, Forest, Jefferson, McKean, Mercer, Potter, Venango and Warren. Forensic Center Information Mission/Goal: The Forensic Center provides active psychiatric treatment and/or psychiatric evaluation in a medium security facility to persons that are involved with the county-based judicial/correction systems listed above. A person referred for admission to the Forensic Center must be under criminal detention by this system. For those persons committed for psychiatric treatment, the anticipated outcome is that with stabilization of their disorders, they will return to the judicial system. For those individuals referred for court ordered evaluations, the outcome is their return to the judicial system with a comprehensive psychiatric evaluation forwarded to the court of jurisdiction. Admission Process: The Warren State Hospital Forensic Center Pre-admission Contact form is completed by the referring county and includes the reason for admission, the person's psychiatric, medical and legal status. The Treatment Team Director, Social Worker, Forensic Registered Nurse Supervisor and Chief Forensic Executive complete a pre-admission assessment (based on data sent by the referring county) of the patient and his needs, determine if those needs can be met at Warren State Hospital and request additional information if necessary. Once the pre-admission assessment is completed and admission criteria have been met, the hospital's Forensic Social Worker will contact the county and schedule the admission. The inmate is transported by county law enforcement personnel to the Forensic center, and is admitted between the hours of 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. Emergency Admissions who meet emergency admission criteria, under section 302 of the Mental Health Procedures Act, are accepted only between the hours of 8 a.m. and 8 p.m., but referral information is accepted at any time, to expedite the admission process. Service Area: Service Area: Erie Crawford Forest/Warren Potter Tioga Venango Northumberland Mercer Lycoming/Clinton Columbia/Snyder/Montour/Union Clearfield/Jefferson Clarion Centre Cameron/Elk/McKean Bradford/Sullivan Huntington/Mifflin/Juniata Armstrong/Indiana Blair Cambria Wyoming Contact Information: Hannah Fry Chief Forensic Executive Phone: 814-726-4128 Harry Punia Forensic Social Worker Phone: 814-726-4371 After hours (4:00 PM - 8:00 AM) Admission Contact: Warren State Hospital Nursing Supervisor Office Phone: 814-726-4280 Cell Phone: 814-730-7403 Contacting a Forensic Patient: 814-726-4459 (see phone call section below) Visiting Guidelines Visiting hours are 1 p.m. to 2:45 p.m. each Wednesday, November through March. There is no Wednesday visiting between April 1 and October 31. Visiting hours Saturday, Sunday and major holidays are 9 a.m. - 10:45 a.m. and 1 p.m. - 2:45 p.m. major holidays are New Years Day, Memorial Day, July 4th, Labor Day, Thanksgiving and Christmas. Children under 18 years old must be accompanied and supervised by their parent or legal guardian and may visit during regular visiting hours except Wednesday. No patient will be permitted to have visitors for the first 72 hours following admission. As the threat of contraband entering the Forensic Center is always a risk, visiting is strictly controlled and monitored. To ensure no contraband enters the unit Center, all visitors must pass a security check, including a use of a metal detector and a pat-down search. Visiting is only permitted in the designated visiting area. Only money and items of clothing may be brought to a Forensic patient during a visit, though money will be deposited in an account for the patient as money is not permitted in the possession of the patient. Questions regarding items that may be brought during a visit can be addressed to the Chief Forensic Executive. Visitors requesting to visit at times other than designated visiting hours should contact the Chief Forensic Executive to request special consideration/arrangements. Former Forensic patients are not permitted to visit current patients without permission of the Chief Forensic Executive (or CEO in her absence). Phone Calls: Patients cannot receive calls; however they may place outgoing calls anytime between 7:30 a.m. and 10 p.m. provided their right to place calls has not been restricted for therapeutic reasons. All patient calls must be "collect calls" or placed through a phone card. In the event that a patient receives a call, the Forensic Employee who takes the call will get the name and phone information of the caller, and, if requested by the caller, relay to the patient that he is to return the call. Patient Programs/Treatment Modalities: Complete physical, psychiatric, psychological, social and nursing assessments are done on every patient admitted to the Forensic Center, and a comprehensive individualized treatment plan is developed that addresses the problems and needs identified on these assessments. Treatment plans are formally reviewed at least every 30 days by the patient's treatment team. As much as possible, the patient actively participates in this review. Treatment services available to patients at the Forensic Center include individual therapy, group therapy, psycho-educational programs, milieu therapy, counseling by members of the Treatment Team, Therapeutic Recreation, Vocational Adjustment Services and various social activities provided by Recreational Therapists. Speech Therapy, Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy are provided when clinically indicated. A balanced diet is provided by Dietary Services for each patient, and specialized diets are available when clinically required. Patients under age 21 are evaluated with regard to their educational needs. Patients with special educational needs are also evaluated and appropriate resources are contacted. Other specialty departments/services are consulted when appropriate to assess the needs of the patient. Patient Rights Protection: Patients on the Forensic Center have access to a formal complaint process that is administered and monitored by Warren State Hospital's client rights representative (CRR). The CRR also makes regular visits to the Forensic Center to afford patients the opportunity to ask for his assistance or to file a verbal complaint. The CRR insures that all patient complaints are responded to and that the hospital's policy on patient complaints is followed. Forensic Center patients also have access to the phone number for the Disability Rights Network of Pennsylvania.

                    1. Articles

                      1. Kirkbride Buildings Blog

                        http://www.kirkbridebuildings.com/blog/warren-state-hospital-information Pennsylvania state representative Kathy Rapp is working to “protect the patients, jobs and community services at Warren State Hospital.” Evidently there’s an effort in the state government to privatize elements of the institution. This effort is part of a larger “deinstitutionalization scheme”, which could possibly lead to further closings of state psychiatric centers such as Warren State Hospital. I found out about this at Pennsylvania Mental Health Issues which has a few posts about Warren State Hospital listed here. Pennsylvania has two Kirkbride buildings that are still part of the state mental health system: the one in Warren, and one in Danville. There were at least three others: two of which have been demolished, and one that is now mostly used by private companies for non-psychiatric purposes. There may have been another Kirkbride in Pennsylvania that was demolished (raising the total count to six), but I haven’t confirmed that yet. I’ll post about it when I have more information. While Warren State Hospital doesn’t appear to be in any immediate danger of being shut down, nor for that matter does Danville State Hospital, it appears the movement toward deinstitutionalization could make such closures inevitable. I don’t have anything against deinstitutionalization if it does in fact make the lives of the mentally ill better, but I do worry about these buildings being abandoned and possibly lost to demolition.

                      2. September 6, 2007 "Secretary of Public Welfare Responds to Warren State Hospital Closure Rumors"

                        September 2007 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Sept. 6, 2007 SECRETARY OF PUBLIC WELFARE RESPONDS TO WARREN STATE HOSPITAL CLOSURE RUMORS HARRISBURG – In response to reports about the potential closure of Warren State Hospital, Public Welfare Secretary Estelle B. Richman today reassured employees that the civil section of the facility would remain open. “The department has no intention of closing the civil section of Warren State Hospital and will continue to provide the quality level of care in which residents and counties have come to depend,” said Richman. The Department of Public Welfare recently announced plans to close the civil section of Mayview State Hospital and is exploring the consolidation and privatization of forensic services currently provided at Norristown, Mayview and Warren state hospitals. Such a move would enable DPW to improve the delivery of forensic services while saving taxpayer dollars and would not affect the services currently provided in the civil section of Warren State Hospital. “Ensuring the success of those transitioning to the community from the state hospital must be a collective effort,” Richman said. “While we appreciate the advocacy efforts of those concerned about the well-being of individuals living with mental illness, it is imperative that, collectively, we remain focused on promoting recovery for our residents as they face this next step of life beyond the state hospital.” ### The Department of Public Welfare helps people meet their basic needs by providing health care and other critical support services for children, the elderly, people with chronic diseases, persons with disabilities and low income families and adults in Pennsylvania. DPW is dedicated to promoting, improving, and sustaining the quality of family life; breaking the cycle of dependency while protecting and serving Pennsylvania's most vulnerable citizens. Visit DPW on the Internet at: www.dpw.state.pa.us.

                      3. The Lobotomist

                        http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/lobotomist/bedlam/page_2.html Excerpt Pennsylvania state law requires that all milk except Grade A be pasteurized. Grade A milk is required to have a bacteria count of fewer than 50,000 per cubic centimeter. On 22 separate occasions from January 1943 to December 1944 tests were made of the milk served in the patients' dining room at Warren State Hospital. On only six occasions did it comply with the law. The average bacteria count of this unpasteurized raw milk was 398,100. On three occasions it exceeded 1,250,000 and on one occasion it exceeded 3,200,000!

                      4. US News

                        http://health.usnews.com/listings/hospital-directory/pennsylvania/warren_state_hospital Warren State Hospital 33 Main Drive Warren, PA 16365-5001 (814) 723-5500 For more information on this hospital, visit the Warren State Hospital Detailed Information At a glance Hospital type: Psychiatric Operated by: State Total beds: 250 Administrator: DAVID KUCHERAWAY, CEO Parent system: Not reported Selected accreditations/memberships: Accredited, Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations (JCAHO) Services Provided Glossary Key services: Not reported Specialized services Inpatient: Infection isolation room Outpatient Infection isolation room Patient/family support services: Chaplaincy/pastoral care servicesPatient representative/ombusdmanTransportation for elderly/handicapped Community outreach: Not reported Imaging services (diagnostic and therapeutic) Not reported By the numbers: Admissions: 205 Inpatient surgeries: 0 Outpatient visits: 0 Outpatient surgeries: 0 Emergency room visits: 0 Births: 0 Number of beds: 250 Staffing(employed, on payroll): Full-time registered nurses: 72 Part-time registered nurses: 4 Full-time licensed practical nurses: 22 Part-time licensed practical nurses: 0 Total full-time faculty personnel: 493 Total part-time faculty personnel: 30

                      5. 01-03-2010 mystery of George Allen Kieth's walk from Warren State Hospital

                        Print This Article Sunday, Jan. 03, 2010 Comments (0) Is Philipsburg's killer dead? Sara Ganim- sganim@centredaily.com Ten years after he was last seen, you can still walk into some government offices in the Philipsburg area and be reminded of George Allen Keith. Keith View larger Found to be not guilty by reason of insanity after he brutally sliced the throat of a 12-year-old girl walking near Presqueisle Street, Keith was sentenced in 1974 to spend his years locked in a mental facility in Erie. “At the time it was the story of the area,” said former state police Trooper Bill “Smitty” Smith, who worked the case. After about 15 years under mental watch, Keith — a war veteran who thought his young victim, Tracy Stetler, was a Viet Cong woman carrying a homemade bomb — was given permission to go for a walk around the ungated Warren State hospital facility during blizzard-like weather conditions four days before Christmas in 1999. He never returned and hasn't been heard from since. Now, a decade later, Keith’s face can be seen on FBI wanted posters that still hang in district judges’ offices in Houtzdale and Kylertown. Advertisement And state police investigators in Warren still meet every 60 days to share information on the case. They recently decided to try a new tack they hope will answer their central question: Is George Allen Keith alive or dead? They hope it can solve the mystery of how Keith was able to stay hidden for so long after police and prosecutors tried so hard to keep him locked up. After Keith’s trial, then- District Attorney Charles C. Brown Jr. convinced a judge to have him committed to psychiatric care. “It was just horrific,” Brown said. “How in the world could something like this happen in Philipsburg. What is this guy? This is nonsense. How is this guy saying that he was killing some Viet Cong spy? It was definitely the streets of Philipsburg. There’s no question that he did it. It’s just what was his mind when he did it. ... With all due respect, I always had this uneasy feeling that some day, some psychiatrist, series of psychiatrists, or a social worker, would say there’s really nothing more that we can do. This man is not a threat to anyone.” So when Keith’s case came up for review, Brown drove to Erie and made his case for keeping Keith locked up. After Brown became a county judge, former District Attorney Ray Gricar took up that tradition, carrying Stetler’s photo as a reminder of what Keith had done and why he shouldn’t be freed. Their efforts became moot when Keith walked away. But the story hasn’t been forgotten. The crime The evening of March 11, 1974, Tracy Stetler was walking home from the YMCA when she crossed paths with Keith, who was returning from — in his words to police — “getting dizzy” at the Pioneer Bar. In his bizarre account of that night, he told police he heard “voices” in his head, went outside to get some air, fell asleep on the hood of a car, then saw Stetler as he began walking home. The girl was wearing sneakers and jeans, and was holding a can of raspberry-flavored Shasta soda in her hand. Keith thought she was carrying a handmade bomb. “I was instructed,” Keith testified at his trial. “And I had seen a mine that she was carrying. ... It was like the homemade ones that they had used down in South Vietnam, out of soda pop, or whatever they could make them out of.” He described the girl as wearing black pants and an “old-type Air Force belt, French type,” according to the transcripts. And Keith said she was wearing a straw hat and carrying a Russian-type weapon. Keith followed the girl until she turned and saw him. “I thought she was going to destroy the depot,” he told police, according to court documents. “Had to grab her so she wouldn’t warn the other VCs that there were Americans in the area. That was my first time I ever killed a woman. It made me sick.” After he killed her, Keith dragged her body off the road into a wooded area, went to his grandparents’ house for a few hours and told them “that he got orders from Capt. Call to report immediately for duty,” said Smith, the trooper. “So he packed up and left.” He was found in Mexico about a month later and extradited to Texas. Smith and another trooper flew there to bring him back to Centre County. “He came off as just a run-of- the-mill fella,” Smith said. “Slight, pleasant looking man. He talked like we’re talking. Low key. He didn’t show no remorse. He didn’t show no excitement.” The trial It’s clear from his statements to police and his testimony at trial that something wasn’t right with George Allen Keith. A psychiatrist hired by the District Attorney’s Office found that Keith fell under the standard of the McNaughton rule, the barometer Pennsylvania law uses to determine if a defendant knows right from wrong. In other words, while Keith had some understanding of what he had done, he didn’t understand that it was wrong. But prosecutor Brown was determined to try to seek justice for 12-year-old Tracy Stetler and her family. “I thought there was a lot of evidence to show that he was mentally unbalanced and met the standard, but I was not going to give into that and just back off of a prosecution,” Brown said. Keith’s attorney, then- Chief Public Defender Bob Martin, elected to forgo his right to a trial by a jury of peers. Instead an unprecedented panel of three judges from three different counties heard the evidence and decided the verdict. Three psychiatrists were brought in to evaluate Keith: one for the prosecution, one for the defense and one chosen by the judges. All said Keith suffered from schizophrenia and epilepsy. But only two of the three doctors found him to have been insane when he killed Stetler. “It just gave me reason to believe that we had a chance,” Brown said of the third doctor’s findings. “An opportunity to show that he was competent at the time of the killing. And I certainly would have sought the death penalty if we had gotten to that stage.” Brown focused his argument on the “horrific facts” of Stetler’s death. “He purposely slit her throat, and I thought that would be pretty powerful stuff,” Brown said. Keith testified, explaining how he was 16 and in the ninth grade when he dropped out of school, worked on a farm for a while, then joined the Army. He was sent to North Korea and was trained in guerrilla warfare. There is a hole in his military records — a blank period during which Brown now says it’s possible, though not confirmed, that Keith spent time serving in the Special Forces in Vietnam. Nine years after he was honorably discharged, Keith convinced the court that he still believed he was in a war zone, still answering to his superiors, still fighting. “I believe she would have recognized me as an American soldier when I am up in that area,” Keith testified. “I knocked her out and killed her and stuff.” “And it is your testimony that all this happened at P.O. 1 in Vietnam?” Brown asked Keith at trial. “Yes, sir,” Keith replied. “And you are sure that it never happened in Philipsburg on March 11, 1974?” Brown asked as his final question. “Yes, sir. I am saying it didn’t happen in Philipsburg,” Keith replied. Soon after, the judges found him not guilty by reason of insanity. “There was an immediate, right there on the spot, Mental Health Procedures Act hearing,” Brown said. Keith was involuntarily committed to the Warren State Hospital. He was there for about 15 years before he disappeared. The theories About three weeks ago, Trooper Brian Zeybel at the state police barracks in Warren sat down with other investigators and decided to try a new approach to the case. They’re going to get a sample of Keith’s DNA to enter into a database for deceased John Does and missing people. “There’s a lot of people here, me included, who think that” Keith is dead, Zeybel said. “He has left no trace, he has left no further victims. “And then there’s a lot out there who think he’s alive and well,” Zeybel said. “It’s about 50 -50.” Theoretically, Zeybel said, “if somebody would have the money or resources to care for him he could be two towns over. ... It’s almost like raising a child. The child needs for nothing, wants for nothing because he is secure in a house.” But Zeybel said Keith would have to live a very restricted life to remain anonymous in that manner. “He’s intelligent and would have the means and know how to get to Mexico or some small town,” he said. “But I feel it’s more plausible that he would be deceased rather than this huge elaborate conspiracy theory.” The day Keith walked away from the facility there were blizzard-like conditions outside, and it was very, very cold, Zeybel said. Zeybel said that “unless he had a plan,” Keith would have died from exposure, probably in a vast wooded area near the hospital. Even 10 years later, Zeybel said it’s possible Keith’s remains could still be in that “humongous” area. Every 60 days, Zeybel writes a report on the Keith case, but so far he hasn’t gotten any good leads. He hopes the DNA will yield some answers that will put the case to rest. “My first reaction was ... I guess one of the thoughts was that if he really did have special forces training, he probably could stay on his own for at least a while,” Brown said. “But after 10 years and nothing has surfaced? Nobody’s gotten suspicious about this guy wearing a beard and sitting on a corner in Idaho or Utah. He hasn’t gotten a job. The evidence in my head is starting to build that he is dead.” George Allen Keith Aliases: "Snuffy," "Jake" Height: 5 feet 9 inches Weight: 165 pounds Scars: Keith has a scar on his left hand and possibly a star tattoo on his right wrist. Hair: Brown Eyes: Hazel Race: White Cautions: Keith has been diagnosed with schizophrenia and was taking an anti-abuse drug for the prevention of alcohol abuse at the time of his escape. Reward: The FBI is offering a $20,000 reward for information leading to his apprehension. Sara Ganim can be reached at 231-4616. http://www.centredaily.com/news/local/v-print/story/1705445.html

                    2. Cemetary

                      http://genforum.genealogy.com/pa/messages/46735.html WARREN STATE HOSPITAL CEMETERY, WARREN, PENNSYLVANIA 16365 ADAMS, GILBERT ADAMS, JAMES ADAMS, JANE ADAMSON, FREDERICK ADKINS, WILLIAM ADKINS, MOSES AKINS, JAMES ALCORN, THOMAS ALDEN, ANNA ALLAN, JOSEPH ALLEN, LAWRENCE ALLEN, LOUIS ANDERSON, JOSEPHINE ANDERSON, NELS ANDERSON, JOHN, (NO. 3) ANDREWS, DANIEL ANDREWS, ISAAC ANTHONY, PHILLIPINE APPOLT, CHRISTINE ARCHER, NANCY ARMSTRONG, GEORGIANA ASHCROFT, EMILY ASKEY, LLOYD ASKINS, SHADROCK AUSTIN, SAMUEL AVERY, JOHN BACKUS, MARGARET BADGER, HENRY BAILEY, TENA BAIR, SARAH BAIRD, FREDERICK BAKER, MARY BAKER, ANNIE BAKER, ANNA BANKS, HARVEY BARBER, JENNIE BARBER, ADELBERT BARBER, WILLIAM BARCZINSKI, IGNATZ BARDO, FRANK BARLETT, JOHN BARLETT, CLARK BARLOW, JOSEPH BARNES, CATHERINE BARNHART, WILLIAM BAROTH, FLORENCE BARRAGER, EMMA BARRY, JOHN BARTON, HELEN BASTAND, GEORGE BAUGHMAN, WILLIAM BAUGHMAN, JAMES BEARD, JESSE BEATTY, MATILDA BEATTY, WILLIAM BEATTY, DELIA BEATTY, ERA BEATTY, SARAH BEATTY, ANDREW BEATTY, KATE BECK, SARAH BEERS, LIBERTY BEHRENS, WILLIAM BEMUS, HERMAN BENNETT, PAMELIA BENNETT, JOHN BENSON, ADA (IDA) BENTLEY, ALBERT BERGUSSON ANDREW BERNARD, JAMES BERNEY, JAMES BEST, WILLIAM BIDWELL, SARAH BIGGERS, JOHN BIGGERT, LYDIA BIRD, GEORGE BISSETT, GEORGE BIXBY, JANE BLACK, HARVEY BLACK, JEFRE BLOOM, JANE (ANN) BOGUE, HARVEY BOHALL, CYNTHIA BOHEEN, JAMES BOJALAD, JOSEPH BOLE, JOHN BOLE, LAURA BOOM, JAY BOONE, ADAM BOOTH, MARY BOTZER, GODLIP BOWEN, LILLIE BOWERS, MONA BOYLES, PERRY BRACKETT, NORMAN BRENT, ANDREW BRETT, JOANNA BREWER, W. BRINK, CARRIE (CAROLINE) BROBST, MARTHA BRONSON, HORACE BROOKUS, WILLIAM BROSIUS, JOHN BROWN, NANCY BROWN, MAYNE BRUMBAUGH, EVA BRUNK, SARAH BRUNO, PASQUALE BUCHNER, FERDINAND BUCK, BENJAMIN BURDICK, MELISSA BURDICK, JOHN BURGOON, ELIZABETH BURKE, WILLIAM BURKETT, GEORGE BURLEY, LEWIS BURNELL, FRANK BURNETTE, MIKE BURNEY, NATHANIEL BURNS, JAMES BURNS, GOERGE BURROWS, DIANNA BURTON, JOHN BURTON, THOMAS C. BUTERBAUGH, SADIE BYRNE, PATRICK CACHIO, ROCCO CAGEWIN, MARY CALEWORT, HENRY CALLAHAN, MARY CALLINAN, MICHAEL CAMPBELL, JOHN CAMPBELL, LORENA CANTRICK, MARY CAPT, PAUL CARLTON, WILLIAM CARPENTER, CHARLES CARPENTER, HANNAH CARR, WILLIAM CARRICK, JAMES CARRIER, LUCY CARRINGER, CLYDE D. CARROLL, WILLIAM CARTRIGHT, REBECCA CARTWRIGHT, HULDA CASEY, MERTLE CASTMAN, LOTTEN CATON, MARGARET CHADWICK, HARRY CHAMPION, EMMA CHAPMAN, NANCY CHEERS, SEYMOUR CHURCH, MARY CINDER, CELIA CLARK, THERESA CLARY, JOHN CLEVELAND, EVELYN CLEVER, JOSEPH COBLE, WILLARD COCORAN, BABY BOY CODNEY, WALLACE CODY, THOMAS COLE, NOAH COLE, SARAH COLLINS, JAMES COLLINS, JOHN P. CONGDON, HARLOW CONNELLY, MARY CONROY, HARVEY CONSLA, SILAS CONTONI, GUISEPPI CONWAY, FRANK COOK, MARGARET COOK, CASPER COOLEY, JONAS COOPER, MARTHA COOPER, WILLIAM COPENHAVER, SIMON COPLEY, GEORGE COSLEY, MARY COX, JESSIE CRAIDINER, JOHN CRAIG, JOHN CRATTY, JESSIE CRAVEN, WILLIAM CREWELL, JOSEPH CRITCHLOW, SARAH CROCKER, WILLIAM CROMARTIE, LEE CROMPTON, MARTHA CRON, JOHN CROSS, JAMES CROSSMAN, EDWARD CROSSWAITE, WALTER CROWDER, ADAM CULVER, ELIZA CUNNINGHAM, WILLIAM CURRIER, ELLEN CURRY, HENRY CURTIS, JOHN CURTIS, CHARLES DALMASO, EMMA DARBAKER, SALINDA DARLING, THOMAS DARR, HENRY DAUB, GEORGE DAVENPORT, JOSEPH DAVID, ELIZABETH DAVIS, DAVID DAVIS, FRANK DAVIS, EMMA DAVY, RICHARD DAWSON, LENA DECKER, MARY DEERING, ESTHER DELIDGE, CATHERINE DELWORTH, SARAH DEMPSEY, GEORGE DENNING, CHRISTIE DEVOGE, MARY DEWEY, ANGELIA DIBBLE, HARRIET DIETZ, THERESA DIGHTON, HARRISON WINGARD, DANIEL DOBSON, THOMAS DODGE, MANNING DONOVAN, PATRICK DOOLEY, MARGARET (MARGH) DOTY, HARRY DOUGHER, JOHN DOUGHERTY, JAMES DOUGHERTY, BERNARD DOWNEY, SARAH DOYLE, JOHN DOYLE, MARGARET DOYLE, ELIZABETH DRAEGER, LEONORA DRAPER, HATTIE DRISCOLL, JEREMIAH DRONEY, PATRICK DUFFY, WILLIAM DUNBAR, JOHN DUNDERDALE, RICHARD DUNHAM, LENA DUNLAP, ANNA DUNLAP, PHOEBE DUNN, JAMES DUNTLEY, DEMONT DWYER, WILLIAM EBERT, JEREMIAH ECKELS, MARGARET ECONOMIDES, EMANUEL EDMONDS, CHRISTINA ELK, JOHN ELY, SAMUEL EMINGER, JOHN EMONS, JANE ENGLER, NICHOLAS ENGLISH, BENJAMIN ENGSTROM, ALICE ERDELYI, JOSEPH ERICSON, MATILDA ERLANDSON, ANTON EVANS, ISAIAH EVANS, GEORGE EVERHART, MARIAH FACHS, MARY FAIR, MARY FAIRBROTHER(S), FLORENCE FARREL, WILLIAM FARRELL, BERNARD FARRER, MINNIE FEE, ELIZABETH FEIRO, ARTHUR FELTON, MATILDA FERRILL, (?) CATH FIATT, ELIZABETH FISCHER, EDWARD FISHER, DANIEL FITZPATRICK, THOMAS FLICK, LOUIS FLOOD, ELIZA FLOWERS, JOHN M. FOHM, CARRIE G. FOOSE, HARRY A. FORBES, CHARLES FORCE, MARIE FORDORARI, PASQUALE FOREMAN, MARY FOSTER, ELIZA FOSTER, MARK FOX, ELLA FOX, FREDERICK FOX, WILLIAM FRAZER, EDWIN FREDENE, MOLLY FREELAND, SARAH FRENCH, CAROLINE FREUND, DALE FRISTICK, ANNIE FROME, LOUIS FRUKYLUND, JOHN FRY, KATIE FRY, REBECCA FRYER, SUSAN FUHNER, SOPHIA GALLAGHER, MARY GALLOWAY, ANN GANCHAS, TONY GARDOT, GEORGE (?) GARIBRANT, WILLIAM GARNETT, SARAH GARVEY, MAY GATES, LILL GATHERS, WILLIAM GEARY, SYBIL GEER, HARRY GENUNG, LUCY GERRISH, HANK GERRITY, BRIDGET GIBBS, DELLA GIERISCH, HILARIA GILBERT, JACOB GIVEN, FLORENCE GLINSKEY, (DALINSKI) SOPHIA GLISE, GHRISTIANA GLORIGH, JOHN GODFREY, JAMES GOLLIER, GEORGE GOODRICH, MYRA GOODRICH, HENRY GOODWIN, MARGARET GOOT, DANIEL GORDON, JULIA GORDON, HATTIE M. GOUGHLER, MAGGIE GRACEY, ALEXANDER GRAHAM, JAMES GRAJCZAS, JOHN GRANATA, FRANK GRANT, CHARLES GRANT, NELLIE GRASSER, ANNIE GRAY, CLARA GREEN, EDWARD GREEN, JOHN GREER, RALPH GRIFFIN, THOMAS FRIFFIS, MARY GRUBBS, DANIEL GRUBBS, CHARLES GWYNN, THOMAS HACKETT, JOHN HAIGHT, LORENZO HALEY, MARY HALL, FRANK HALMAN, WILLIAM HAMILTON, LEVI HAMILTON, CELESTIA HAMMELL, ALVIN HANEL, LEWIS HANNAH, NANCY HAPELT, JOHN HARBST, HETTIE HARDING, FRANCES HARDMAN, DELLA HARMER, HARRY HARNETT, TIMOTHY HARRIGER, DAVID HARRINGTON, AMY HARRIS, HARRIET HARRIS, IDA HART, JAMES HAUER, ARTHUR HAVENS, IDA HAWK, MARY HAWKS, MARTHA HAWTHORN, SAMUEL HAYS, SAMUEL HEALD, AMOS HEALEY, JOSEPH HEARLE, MARY HEATH, HARRIET HEDDEN, MARGARET HEIN, ELIZABETH HEPLER, ISAAC HENCHBERGER, SARAH HESS, ELLEN HEYWANG, HENRY HICKEY, ANN HICKS, HARRY HILDREBRAND, NANCY HILL, ELIJAH HILL, CHARLES HILLIARD, CHARLES HILLIARD, NANCY HINKLE, MARGARET HOBBY, ALICE HOCKENBERG, ELIZABETH HOGLE, IDA HOLDERMAN, ABRAHAM HOLLAND, DANIEL HOLLENBACK, HERBERT HOLLISTER, MARTHA HONABERGER, B HOOVER, LYDIA HOPKINS, HANNAH HOPKINS, CLARENCE HOPWOOD, NELLIE HOSS, JOSEPH HOWARD, CATHARINE HUBBARD, ELIZABETH HUGHES, JAMES HUKMA, MIKE HUMMELL, HANNAH HUNT, CHARLES HUNT, ISAAC HUNT, WILLIAM HUTCHENSON, PERL IANNARELLI, ANTHONY IMUS, JAMES IRONS, OMAR IRWIN, JULIA JACKSON, ELLEN JACKSON, JERRY JAMIESON, ADALINE JANKOVICS, GEORGE JENKINS, ELLEN JENNE, GEORGE JEWELL, JOHN JIOIO, FRANK JOHN, MYRTILLA JOHNSON, CALFRENA JOHNSON, CARRIE JOHNSON, NELS JOHNSON, WILLIAM JOHNSON, SAMUEL JOHNSON, AARON JOHNSON, CHARLES JOHNSON, GERTIE JOHNSON, AUGUSTA JOHNSON, ELOPH JOHNSON, MATT JOHNSON, J. JOHNSON, EDNA JOHNSON, ANSEL JOHNSTON, WILHELMINA JOHNSTON, MARTHA JONATHON, SLENIAR JONES, ELIZABETH JONES, MARY JONES, GEORGIANNA JONES, GEORGE JONES, MARTHA JONES, THADDEUS JONES, LUCY JOSBURGER, AUGUSTUS JUDSON, JOANNA JUDSON, PHINEAS JUTE, BARBARA KANE, THOMAS KAUF, ADOLF KECK, ANNA KEELY, BRIDGET KEENA, KATE KEIF, MARY KEIFER, MARY KEITZ, JOCOB KELLER, GODFREY KELLER, ANNIE KELLEY, ELLEN KELLEY, HENRY KELLY, JOSEPH KELSEY, DELTA KEMMER, EMMA KENNARD, ERNEST KEPPLE, ANNIE KERR, MARY KERR, SUSANNAH KIFER, JACOB KING, FRANK KING, JACOB KING, SOLOMON KING, ANTHONY KING, JOHN KING, MARTHA KING, RAY KINNEY, ISABELLE KIRKMAN, IVA KITTLE, RICHARD KITZINGER, ABRAHAM KLAPTHER, LEWIS KLEIN, ELIZABETH KLINGENSMITH, ISIAIH (ENOCH) KNIGHT, CECIL (FEMALE) KNOFFSINGER, MARY KNOX, DAVID KNOX, ELEANOR KOOKOGY, JOHN KOUGHER, DAVID KREIDINGER, JACOB KREPNAIG, LAWRENCE KRUEGER, THORA KRYSAL, MAGDALINA KUBIKA, DORA LACEY, WILLIAM LAMB, MARIA LAPAC, PETE LAPP, ASH LATOS, (SEE GRAVE 900) MARY LAUGHREY, OREL LAWSON, SWAN LAWSON, MILTE LAWTON, JOHN LEATHER, JOHN LEBEAU, RALPH LEE, CHARLES LEINEN, SUSAN LEONARD, NELLIE LEONARDO, GIACOMA LEONHART, CHRISTOPHER LEOPOLD, CHRISTIANA LESTER, JOHN LESTER, ANNIE LEVIER, ANNA LEWIS, WILLIAM LEWIS, MARGARET LIMBER, CARRIE LINBECK, GEORGE LINDBERG, JOSEPHINE LINDEL, CARL LITTLEBRAND, ELIZABETH LOGAN, WILLIAM P. LONG, MICHAEL LONG, JOANNA LOTT, THOMAS LOVELAND, WILLIARD LOVELL, ABRAHAM LOWE, FRANK LUFSHAM, MARY LUNSTROM, JACOB LUSTICK, JOSEPH LYDICK, ABRAHAM LYNCH, MICHAEL LYNCH, ROBERT LYON, ELIZABETH (ETTIE) MABIN, JANE MALLARD, CATHARINE MALONEY, ADDIE MALONEY, MARY MANGUSON, ANNIE MANNING, KATHERINE MANOLOFF, NICHOLAS MARSHALL, JAMES MARSHALL, RICHARD MARSHALL, JOHN MARTIN, THOMAS MARTIN, JOE MASON, SARAH MASON, WESLEY MASSALSKY, GUSTIFF MATTHES, PAUL MAXWELL, ELIZABETH MAYCOCK, ELIZABETH MAZZA, CHARLES MCCALL, JANE MCCARTY, JULIA MCCLAIN, JOHN MCCORRY, ELLEN MCCOY, MARY MCCUE, JOSEPH MCCULLY, MARGARET MCDONALD, THOMAS MCDONOUGH, MARY MCGINTY, MARY MCGRAW, SABINA MCGUINTY, MARAGARET MCGUIRE, PATRICK MCKEE, WILLIAM MCKINNEY, LEVI MCKINNEY, MARY MCKITTRICK, WILLIAM MCMASTERS, JAMES MCMILLEN, WILLIAM MCMULLEN, JOHN MCMULLIN, SARAH MCSWEENEY, NORA MCWILLIAMS, WILLIAM MEAD, JOHN MECHLING, SAMUEL MESSERSMITH, JOHN MICHAEL, EDWARD MILLER, LEAH MILLER, LEWIS MILLER, HARRIET MILLER, HENRY MILLER, MIKE MILLER, EDWARD MILLER, HARRIETT MILLER, EMERSON MILLER, ALEXANDER MILLIMAN, GEORGE MILLS, THOMAS MINER, LOUISA MINICH, REBECCA MITCHELL, HENRY MITRISS, SAVATO MIX, EMILY MOORE, MARGARET MOORE, WILLIAM MOORE, ASA MORAN, ORSELL MORGAN, AMOS MORGAN, ANN MORLEY, WILLIAM MORRISON, MELINDA MORRISON, JAMES MORRISON, ELIZABETH MORRISON, EDWARD MORSE, ALEXANDER MOSELEY, KATHERINE MOSER, GEORGE MOTHERN, TONY MOULTER, LULU MOYER, WILLIAM MOYER, RALPH MUELLER, HENRY MUIRHEAD, JOHN MULLIGAN, JAMES MURPHY, PETER MURPHY, FRANCIS MURPHY, WILLIAM MURTH, JOHN MUSSEN, SAMUEL MYERS, ELLEN MYERS, CHARLES NAPOLTON, ELLEN NARAGON, ELIZABETH NEEDHAM, ADELIA NEINER, MARY NELSADATTER, INGRID NEVIL, ELIZABETH NILES, STEPHEN NOLL, CATHARINE NUGENT, CHARLES NYMAN, OTTO OAKLEY, NELLIE O’BRIEN, STEEL O’CONNELL, MICHAEL OELSON, SADONA OESTRAND, CLARA O’HARA, ELIZABETH OKRATH, JOSEPH O’KUM, ADOLPH OLIE, ALEXANDER OLIVER, MARY O’NEAL, BRIDGET ORMELO, ANNA ORR, MARGARET OSBORNE, BABY-SARAH OSURECENSKI, MARTIN PACKER, MARY PAINTER, CAROLINE PALMER, JOHN PALMER, HENRY PALPHRAMOND, THOMAS PARKER, JAMES PARTRIDGE, MARY PATTERSON, BETHIA PATTERSON, ALBERT PATTERSON, CLARA PATTERSON, GEORGE PAUL, DANIEL PEABODY, A. PELINI, SEBASTIAN PEOPLES, JAMES PEOPLES, LEROY PETERS, REBECCA PETERSON, IDA PETERSON, ANDREW PETERSON, ISAAC PETTY, MIKE PFENDSACK, PAUL PHELPS, SARAH PHILLIPS, MARY PHILLIPS, SYLVESTER PHILLIPS, EARL PIATT, HANNAH PIERCE, ADAM PIFER, JOHN PIFER, MAUDE PIPER, SADIE PIPHER, LUCY PIPPIN, JOHN POORITY, CASSIA POPOVITCH, SABIN POPPIVICH, ELI PORTER, ABEL POST, ELLEN POST, WILLIAM POTTER, MAGGIE POWELL, RICHARD PRICE, SYLVIA PRINCIPE, FRANK PROPER, LUCINDA PROTZ, AMELIA PULSE, MARY- born 1850 in Germany-died 1927 per ggg granddaughter suesthere PURONEN, GUST QUIGLEY, MARY QUILLEN, MARY QUINN, MATTHEW QUINN, SUSANN RADIN, R. RADLEY, ANNA RAMSEY, JERRY RAMSEY, MAGGIE RANDOLPHE, ZENAS RATHBUN, HARVEY RAUCH, JOSEPHINE RAYMOND, CHARLES REAGLE, ADA (S.A) REDMAN, AMOS REED, JOHN REED, ISAAC REED, JACOB REESE, SOLOMON REESE, MAUDE REICHESTER, ALBERTINA REUSCH, HELEN RHOADES, PHOEBE RICE, ORIN RICER, MARY RIDDLE, ELIZABETH RIEDER, FRANK RINALDO, GUALDI RINE, MOLLIE RIPLEY, CHARLES ROBERTS, ARTHUS ROBERTS, REBECCA ROBINSON, LOUISA ROBINSON, GEORGE RODGERS, CATHERINE ROGERS, JOHN ROLAND, HANNAH ROLL, JOHN ROONEY, JAMES ROSS, MARGARET ROSS, (FLORENCE) FLORA ROSS, GRANT ROSSEL ?? BENJAMIN RUFF, JOHN RUPEL, JOHN RUPERT, AMOS RUSH, JOHN RUSSELL, FRANCIS RUSSELL, PAUL RUTTER, ROSANNA RYAN, PATRICK RYAN, JOANNA RYMER, ANN SACKETT, ELIZA SAEGER, ALMA SAIN, VINCENT SAMOYL, NICK SAMSONOWSKI, WACTOW SANBURN, JOHN SARGENT, DELOS SARVER, RACHEL SAULSGIVER, HANNAH SAYRE, ALICE SCHANER, MINNIE SCHREINER, JOSEPH SCHREIVE, FRANCES SCHRIVER, GEORGE SCHROOPLER, OSWALD SCHWAB, ANNA SCHWARTZ, BARBARA SCOTT, ELIZA SCOTT, CLARA SEACHRIST, ANN SEARLE, ROBERT SEDON, HULDA SEE GRAVE 894 SEELEY, PLUMMER SEFTON, NATHANIEL SEPPLE, MARY SHADY, FRANK SHARRER, KATE SHARTIS, JESSE SHAW, (GRAVE STONE ONLY) EDWARD SHARY, JAMES SHEAN, JOHN SHEIDEL, WALBERGER SHELLY, WILLIAM SHEPHARD, EDGAR SHERLOCK, JANE SHIELDS, MARY J. SHOOK, ANNA SHORTHILL, JOSEPH SHOUP, SARAH SHREVE, O. SHUBERTS, LEWIS SIBYERLIN, FRANK SIMONDS, MARIA SIMP, KATIE SINKEY, SAMUEL SIRES, JENNIE SLAUGHENHAUPT, SUSAN SLOAN, ANDREW SLOCUM, LEWIS SMATHERS, SARAH SMITH, GEORGE SMITH, CALEB SMITH, HELEN SMITH, CARRIE SMITH, RACHAEL SMITH, MARTIN SMITH, ADALINE SMITH, GEORGE SMITH, HARRY SMITH, DORIS (MALE) SMITH, MARY SMITH, RACHEL SMITH, HENRY SMITH, ELLEN SMITH, LUDWIG SNAIR, ELIZABETH SNOWDEN, ALVIN SNOWDEN, HARRY SNYDER, MCDOWELL SNYDER, MERVIN SNYDER, ANNA SOUNDERS, CHARLES SPENCER, JOHN, NO. 1 SPENCER, JOHN, NO. 2 SPENCER, ORD SPENCER, ELMER SPIERK, MARY SPRINGSTEAD, SARA SPRINKLE, ELIZA SPURLOCK, RAYMOND STAINBROOK, CHAUNCEY STALKER, FRANK STANLEY, ELIZABETH STAPLETON, WALTER STARK, LENA STARR, ALEXANDER STEEL, HOWARD STEVENS, MYRTLE STEWART, BETSEY STEWART, MARGARET STIBICH, WALBURGER STICKLES, LULU STOCKDILL, WESLEY STOLTZ, CHARLES STONE, WILLIAM STONER, HEINER STOPHEL, ALFRED STROLL, MARY STRUTHERS, EBENEZER SUOMA, FILMYNA (FILOMYNO) SURRO, PASQUALE SWALTNEY, WILLIAM SWANSON, ALEXANDER SWARTZ, JOHN SWEENEY, ANNA SWEIGARD, SUE SWIECH, AMELIA SWIFT, WILBUR TEACHOUT, SARAH TERRILL, MARY TERRILL, CATHARINE TERRY, T. TERRY, JOHN TERWILLIGER, JOHN TESZCRYK, WASLAW THOMAS, CATHERINE THOMAS, ANN THOMPSON, MAE THOMPSON, J. BRADY THORNBY, MARY TIERMAN, SARAH TIMBLIN, A. TINNEY, JEFFERSON TORRENCE, PAUL TOWNLEY, SUSAN TRACY, LYDIA TROBMAN, MORRIS MROUTNER, ANNIE TURK, MARY TURK, ANGELE TUNACLIFF, ELIZABETH TURNER, THOMAS TURRILL, GEORGE VAN ATTA, WILLIAM VAN, (VAN WEIEEL) EMMA VANGUILDER, CLARA VAUGHN, FRANK VERILLO, DOMINICK VIDOVICH, JOSEPH VITALE, CHRISTINA WAGNER, CHARLES WAGNER, BRADEN WAGNER, ELDER WAHL, JAMES WALKER, MONROE WALKER, HELEN WALLACE, REBECCA WALPOOL, ELLEN WANTZ, BESSIE WARD, JAMES WARD, JOHN WARFIELD, CHARLES WARNER, MARCUS WARNER, OMAN WARNER, WILLIAM WATSON, MARY WATTS, NELLIE WAYNE, FRED WEAMER, GEORGE WEAVER, AMELIA WEAVER, THEODORE WEBBER, CLIFFORD WEISNER, CHARLES WEISWISKI, TEOFELIA WELLS, MORRIS WENTWORTH, BENJAMIN WENTZEL, HENRY WEST, MARGARET WESTER, WILLIAM WESTMILLER, AUGUSTIS WHEELER, CHARLES WHEELER, GEORGE WHEELER, SETH WHISTLER, HARVEY WHITE, MINNIE WHITE, SAMUEL WHITE, MAGGIE WHITEHILL, JOHN WHITNEY, JULIA WIANT, PHILLIP WIDERBERG, ANNA WILKES, JOSEPH WILKIE, ALICE WILKS, JACOB WILLIAMS, JANE WILLIAMSON, MARGARET WILLIARD, VICTORIA WILSON, SARAH WILSON, WILLIAM WILSON, EMMA WILSON, AMELIA WILSON, CATHERINE WILSON, CLARK WINFIELD, ABRAM WINKLEMAN, ROBERT WINTERS, GEORGE WONDERLICH, ALEXANDER WOOD, GRACE WOODIN, DAVID WOODRING, MARY WORTHINGTON, EUGENE WRIGHT, MELVIN WRIGHT, MARY WYNCOOP, JOHN YAPLES, GEORGE YATES, MABEL YOKES, ELLEN YORK, CAROLINE YOUNG, MARY YOUNG, SOPHIA YOUNGDALE, EARL ZETLER, HATTIE ZIEGLER, ELIZABETH ZUERN, JACOB

                      1. Kirkbride Buildings

                        http://www.kirkbridebuildings.com/blog/warren-state-hospital-cemetery-restored The 954 grave cemetery at Warren State Hospital has been the subject of a restoration. Like many state hospital cemeteries, this one was overgrown and neglected until a restoration committee formed at the hospital in 2006. Employees and volunteers are just about finished with the painstaking task of identifying the deceased patients and giving each one a headstone with their name on it. There will be a public rededication ceremony at 10:30AM on Friday, September 26. More information can be found here: Silent Witnesses

                      2. September 17, 2008 "Silent Witnesses"

                        http://www.timesobserver.com/page/content.detail/id/506277.html Silent Witnesses Rededication set for WSH cemetery By CHUCK HAYES chayes@timesobserver.com There will be 954 silent witnesses. A rededication ceremony has been scheduled for the 127-year-old Warren State Hospital cemetery which state hospital employees and volunteers have been restoring during the past two years. The cemetery, with 954 gravesites, is located along the north side of Jackson Run Rd. in North Warren, on a hillside near the state hospital and what is now Lowe's at the Warren Commons. The cemetery was overgrown and virtually forgotten until September 2006 when the state hospital established a Cemetery Restoration Committee. Committee members did a substantial amount of research of state hospital archives to locate and identify each of the gravesites, most of which only had obscured numbered ground-level markers and no names or dates. Fewer than a dozen of the graves had an appropriate headstone. Records indicate the first burial at the cemetery took place in 1881. David Kucherawy, CEO at the hospital, said that in addition to the state hospital employees, approximately 50 volunteers from the public and an Eagle Scout were involved in the restoration project. Kucherawy said that the hospital also worked with the Warren County Jail and probation department to enlist the help of persons fulfilling community service requirements. Although the volunteers wanted to restore the cemetery to as close to its original appearance as possible, Kucherawy said that no photographs of the original cemetery could be located. The volunteers reconstructed pathways, the entrance to the cemetery and landscaping. A rededication ceremony, which is open the public, will be held at 10:30 a.m. on Friday, Sept. 26. Due to limited parking at the cemetery, shuttle service will be available from the Lowe's parking lot, beginning at 9:45 a.m. Nameplates are still being engraved, but by the time of the rededication ceremony, said Kucherawy, each of the gravesites will have a headstone with namesplates, which will include the dates of birth and death. Funding for the headstones and nameplates came from donations from volunteers and the public and the hospital's operating fund.

                      3. September 27, 2008 "Rededication"

                        http://www.timesobserver.com/page/content.detail/id/506747.html Rededication Dozens gather at cemetery By LAUREN VOKISH lvokish@timesobserver.com "In the faces of men and women; I see God." These words written by Walt Whitman more than 100 years ago, still stand true today. Dr. Ray Feroz, president of the Warren State Hospital, quoted Whitman at the rededication ceremony of the WSH Cemetery Friday morning. "These words that Whitman wrote express the feeling of what this cemetery means not only to the WSH, but to those in the community whose loved ones have been identified," said Feroz. "Everyone is valuable, everyone has importance no matter if they are in a mental illness facility or a veteran. These people along with everyone here were made in the image and likeness of God and should have the respect given back to them." Feroz said that these men and woman who are buried on the cemetery grounds were buried "lived at the hospital, died there and now are buried here. Most of them, only buried by a number." "We want to give them a name and recognize them as part of our community," said Feroz. The WSH Cemetery has gone through a complete transformation in the past two years. "It was actually two years and six days ago today that the initiative for the project was started," said Chief Executive Officer David Kucherawy of WSH. "It was then we noticed that the grounds were in disarray as well as the fact that documentation was scarce on those that were buried here. Since that day we have dedicated our efforts in restoring it to a place where we can provide the dignity and respect for those laid to rest while under our care." It took hundreds of hours and volunteers which included WSH staff, Warren Genealogy Society, Adult Probation inmates, community members and Eagle Scout candidate Nathan Greenawalt to get the entire project completed. There are 952 buried individuals in the ground, of which all markers were found and documented, "to the best of our knowledge" and are now replaced with new headstones. "We also wanted to provide new landscaping, installed a new fence, planted new trees on the grounds and created a new sign," said Kucherawy. "What you see today is the result of many long hours in front of microfilm, old documents and contacting families in and out of state from many volunteers." The veterans that were buried on the grounds between the years 1931-1999 are marked with flags, a veteran marker stating their military service and yellow chrysanthemums. "This restoration project for the cemetery is a long time overdue," said Kucherawy. "I am very proud of what our maintenance crew has done as well as all the other dedicated individuals that made this dream a reality."

                  7. Wernersville State Hospital

          2. Short-term

          3. Restraint and Seclusion

            1. Articles

              1. "Past and Current Views on the Use of Restraints and Seclusion"

              2. The Truth about Prone Restraint

                http://www.thetruthaboutpronerestraint.com/index.php

            2. Federal Policy

            3. Restraint Types

              1. Chemical

              2. Mechanical Restraints

              3. Physical Management

            4. State Policy

        2. Outpatient

          1. Mental Health Procedures Act of 1976

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    History of the Mental Health System

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