XMind

Motivation

1. Motivational Concepts

   1. 4 Perspectives:

      1. 1. Instinct Theory OR Evolutionary Perspective- Fixed pattern in species

      2. 2. Drive Reduction Theory- Inner pushes and external pulls interact

         1. Homeostasis-steady internal state

         2. Incentives

      3. 3. Arousal Theory- right lvl. stimulation

         1. Infovores

         2. Too much stimulation=stress

      4. 4. Hierarchy of Needs- some needs above others

2. Hunger

   1. Physiology of Hunger

      1. Brain tells you when you're hungry

         1. Hypothalamus-controls hunger

            1. Lateral Hypo.- sides bring hunger

            2. ventromedical hypo.- depresses hunger

      2. Glucose-blood sugar

      3. Settling point- lvl. weight settles in response to calories

      4. Basal metabolic rate- rate of used energy when body is resting

      5. Ghrelin-depresses hunger; Orexin-triggers hunger

      6. Washburn-swallow balloon

   2. Psychology of Hunger

      1. Memory-know when to eat

      2. Culture affects taste

      3. Neophobia-dislike of things unfamiliar

   3. Obesity

      1. fat is ideal form of stored energy

      2. Eating disorders:

         1. Anorexia

         2. Bulimia-purging and vomiting

         3. Binge eating

      3. Weight discrimination

      4. Adults have 30-40 billion fat cells

         1. When fat cells increase they never decrease

      5. Influences:

         1. Genetic

         2. Social

         3. Sleep Loss

         4. Changing activity lvls. (TV)

         5. Changing food consumption patterns

3. Sexual Motivation

   1. Sexual Response Cycle

      1. 1.Excitement Phase

      2. 2. Plateau Phase

      3. 3. Orgasm!!!

      4. 4. Resolution Phase

         1. Refractory Period-not able to orgasm

   2. Sex hormones: estrogens-female; testosterone-male

   3. Psychology of Sex

      1. Habituates-prolonged exposure to erotic material lessons response

   4. Adolescent Sexuality

      1. Reasons for Teen Pregnancy

         1. 1. Ignorance

         2. 2. Minimal communication about birth control

         3. 3. Guilt to sexual activity

         4. 4. Alcohol use

         5. 5. Mass media-viewing sexual content on TV

      2. Reasons for Sexual Restraint:

         1. 1. high intelligence

         2. 2. religious engagement

         3. 3. father presence

         4. 4. Participation in service learning programs

   5. Sexual Orientation

      1. Erotic Plasticity- Males prefer females; females look at both

      2. Homosexual people appear more in certain populations

      3. Birth order effect

      4. Brains differ with sexual orientation

      5. Dickson-fruit fly

      6. Gay genes survival: kin selection and maternal genetics

4. The need to Belong

   1. Survival

      1. social

      2. cooperation

   2. Peak Moment

      1. satisfaction of self-esteem

      2. relatedness-belonging needs

         1. When related with autonomy and competence creates well-being

   3. Ostracism- social exclusion