1. Patho - Increased constriction of smooth muscle - airway obstruction - bronchospasms - can be caused by allergen, exercise,
2. TREATMENT: Bronchodilator, corticosteroids, aerosol therapy, antihistamines
3. INEFFECTIVE BREATHING PATTERN
   1. S/SX
      1. SIGNS/SYMPTOMS
         1. PT FINDINGS
      2. Dyspnea
      3. Nasal Flaring
      4. Accessory Muscle Use
      5. Respiratory Depth Changes
      6. Cough
      7. Wheezing
   2. NIC
      1. NURSING INTERVENTIONS
         1. PT RESPONSE
      2. Assess Respiratory Pattern
      3. Assess for Dyspnea
      4. Assess v/s
      5. Monitor O2 Sat
      6. Encourage slow deep breathing, pursed-lip breathing
      7. Administer medications as ordered
      8. Keep head of bed elevated
4. INEFFECTIVE AIRWAY CLEARANCE
   1. S/SX
      1. SIGNS/SYMPTOMS
         1. PT FINDINGS
      2. Abnormal Lung Sounds
      3. Cough
      4. Changes in Respiratory Depth or Rate
      5. Chest Tightness
      6. Dyspnea
      7. Abnormal ABGs
   2. NIC
      1. NURSING INTERVENTIONS
         1. PT RESPONSE
      2. Assess Lung Sounds
      3. Assess for Respiratory Changes
      4. Assess Cough - Sputum Production
      5. Monitor Labs - CBC, ABG, CXR
      6. Assess Changes in Color
      7. Teach effective coughing techniques & encourage the patient to cough
5. ANXIETY
   1. S/SX
      1. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
         1. PT FINDINGS
      2. Restless
      3. Increased HR
      4. Complains of inability to breath
      5. Diophoresis
      6. Apprehensive
   2. NIC
      1. NURSING INTERVENTIONS
         1. PT RESPONSE
      2. Assess Anxiety Level
      3. Teach Relaxation Techniques
      4. Explain Importance of Staying Calm
      5. Explain All Procedures
      6. Make Patient as Comfortable as Possible