1. Autism
   1. A brain disorder that appears around age 3 and affects the verbal and nonverbal communitcation and developemental skills.
   2. Use of assistive technology such as augmentative communication systems or ILS systems help students with autism to communicate with teachers better.
   3. ILS .html
2. Deaf - Blindness
   1. A child who is deaf blind has very little useful sight and very little useful hearing. The child usually has other developmental delays because of their deaf-blindness.
   2. Need a lot of hands on sensory contact. Students who have deaf-blindness need to communicate a lot of times through touch and hand on signing. Small group or individual learning works best for students with deaf-blindness.
   3. deafblind.html
3. Deafness
   1. A child who is deaf has difficulty processing linguistic information with or without amplifications.
   2. In a classroom the use of visual aids because this student learns from best with visual aids. Students can also have a note taker for them and sit near the teacher for lip reading purposes.
4. Developmental Delay
   1. A delay in one or more of the child's developmental needs. They may have a physical, cognitive, social, communicative, or emotional delay.
   2. Children with developmental delays benefit from the use of manipulatives such as letter blocks. They may also benefit from educational games. They may benefit from smaller groups and working one on one with a teacher.
   3. Case Study: Ally - developmental delay.webarchive
5. Emotional Disturbance
   1. A child with an emotional disturbance is someone who can not learn the right way and it can't be explained by a learning disability, can not form relationships, has inappropriate behavior and mood disorders. The child may display one or all of these subjects.
   2. Children with ED benefit from a smaller class size. Be in proximity to the student when possible. Give clear rules and reminders to the student.
6. Hearing Impairment
   1. A child with a hearing impairment has permanently hearing loss or fluctuating hearing loss but is not deafness.
   2. Children with hearing impairment may benefit from and FM system. This may help to enhance the voice they are listening to. Visual aids and tactile learning are also very beneficial to children with hearing impairment
   3. hearing loss.html
7. Intellectual Disability
   1. A child with an impairment in cognitive functioning and deficits in more than two behaviors that affect social and personal development.
   2. Manipulatives, computer/smartboard interactive games and groups will help students with intellectual disabilities. Giving students more than one way to do an assignment (written, pictures, video) will give students more choice and chance.
8. Multiple Disabilities
   1. A person with multiple disabilities displays a combination of disabilities such as a learning disability with deafness.
   2. Students with multiple disabilities will need multiple accommodations or modifications. They may receive OT, PT, speech while also needing assistive technology such as an FM. Students with multiple disabilities need support of the teacher and special education teacher while in class. They may be pulled for resource during subjects of difficulty.
9. Other Health Impairment
   1. ADD, ADHD, Lead poisioning, etc. falls into this category. A child displays weakness, limited attention and vitality.
   2. Depending on the impairment teachers need to find a way to help students become successful. Seating, classroom environment, assistive devices, shortened lessons are all tools to help in success.
   3. add.html
10. Specific Learning Disability
    1. A specific learning disability is when a child experiences difficulty in one or more than one of the following processes; writing, reading, speech and math.
    2. Children with specific learning disabilities need different types of accommodations and modifications. They could need small group instruction, shorter assignments and/or word processor. A teacher needs to know the students weaknesses and be able to modify and accommodate based on that specific child. Students with specific learning disabilities may do well using manipulatives such as pictures, counting blocks and unixcubes.
11. Speech and Language Impairment
    1. http:%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch?v=j6eAL8gcL4o.webhistory
    2. A child with a speech or language impairment in their communication. They may have a stutter, lisp, or difficulty pronouncing certain sounds.
    3. Speech and language impaired students should receive speech and language therapy to learn skills and build the muscles and tounge movement needed for their impairment.
    4. I had a child in class that had a speech and language impairment. She was someone who could not hear a something and show comprehension. She met once a week with a speech and language teacher to work on comprehension skills. She was someone that showed it was better for her to get instruction that was short and to the point, worked well with a partner (peer tutor), and needed me to check in with her to see if she was understanding assignments.
12. Traumatic brain injury
    1. This is when a child has an injury to the brain due to something physically happening to them that causes disfunction of the brain.
    2. Students with a traumatic brain injury will vary in what is needed. Some may require more assistance than others. Knowing the students needs is important. Students with a brain injury may benefit from smaller assignments, use of technology to see or hear assignments better and also may require Occupational or Physical therapy.
13. Visual Impairment
    1. A child with a visual impairment has vision loss to a degree that they need assistance.
    2. In school children with visual impairment learn best through sound and feel, they may use braille. They should also be seated near the board and be given books with larger writing. Students may also use a computer program that reads the story to them.
    3. TVI.html
14. Orthopedic Impairment
    1. A child with an orthopedic impairment is someone with a bodily impairment severe enough to cause the child delays educationally. Someone with an orthopedic impairment may have this impairment due to disease, injury or any other causes.
    2. Children with an orthodepic impairment should receive Occupational and/or physical therapy during school. In a classroom the student should have accommodations that make them comfortable in class. If other disabilities are present modifications should be used as needed.