1. Introduction (100) Para 1
    1. intend to discuss ways in which :
      1. a) Protestantism in the sixteenth century was distinctive from the medieval Catholic Christian tradition
      2. b) Issues of tradition and dissent continued to affect the Church in England in the period up to and including the mid nineteenth century
    2. prelude to conclusion
      1. Will see how what can be deemed dissent and tradition is not at all clear cut and indeed can transform into each other depending on time and context
  2. Body
    1. Part A (500) : Ways in which 16th C Protestantism Distinct from medieval Christianity ( Catholicism )
      1. Doctrinal Distinctions
        1. Para 2: Link between God and individual
          1. Ideas of Martin Luther
          2. salvation depended primarily on personal faith rather than participation in the rituals of the church
          3. pg 78
        2. Para 3: Basis of Church Authority
          1. Protestant focus on sola scriptura
          2. Supported by Writings of John Wycliffe
          3. Scripture the sole(?dominant) basis of authority
          4. pg 78
          5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sola_Scriptura
          6. Catholicism gave equal credence to :
          7. magisterium embodied in episcopacy
          8. e.g. hierarchy of Bishops with Pope at the head
          9. the teaching authority of the Church
          10. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magisterium
          11. have authority to interpret the sacred tradition and sacred scriptures
          12. 'sacred tradition'
          13. Teachings of Christ passed down in non-written forms via apostles
          14. "by the apostles who handed on, by the spoken word of their preaching, by the example they gave, by the institutions they established, what they themselves had received ...
          15. http://www.scborromeo.org/ccc/p1s1c2a2.htm#74
      2. Para 4 Manifestation in Practice
        1. Word
          1. book of common prayer
          2. translation of bible to English
          3. pg 80
          4. Mass (Latin) replaced
          5. visual and ritualistic focus of Catholic Church replaced by
          6. liturgical calendar
          7. processions
          8. latin
          9. music
          10. incense
          11. written & preached worship
          12. pg 80
          13. focus on ten commandments
          14. ref
        2. Church Architecture/ Furnishings
          1. Altars removed pulpits & reading desks become central to Congregation
          2. Fig 3.4 pg 81
          3. Statues/Visual aspects removed
          4. opulency replaced by more basic materials
          5. mirrors idea of going back to basics e.g., basics of biblical text
          6. role of visual teaching in catholicism via imagery in statues, stained glass etc
          7. Removal of Rood Screens & Choir Lofts
          8. removed imagery
          9. removed separation of people and priests
          10. removed separation of eucharist and people
          11. removed focus of suffering
          12. injunctions 1571 & earlier
          13. images were burned
          14. offerings to images were discouraged, as were pilgrimages
          15. candles lit before images were prohibited,
          16. Bibles in both English and Latin were to be bought
          17. abolition of many feast days
          18. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Reformation
          19. pg101
        3. Infrastructure
          1. Authority of Rome rejected Monarchy head of Church of England
          2. No Priestly hierarchy although retains system of Bishops (authority curbed)
          3. believers could legitimately draw direct spiritual inspiration from God rather than being dependent on a hierarchy of priests and bishops
          4. pg 78
          5. Focus on individual relationship with God
          6. no need for saintly intermediaries
          7. refute
          8. purgatory
          9. devotions
          10. penance
          11. indulgencies
          12. sacrament of confession
          13. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Reformation
          14. duffy pg 76-77 in Wolfe
          15. rejected Spiritual community of Saints and of the Dead
    2. Part B (500) In what ways did both come to represent themselves as upholders of the traditions of the Christian Church in the centuries that followed?
      1. Para 5 17th C
        1. flux between the authority strived for by call to tradition by CoE and more radical 'dissent'
          1. e.g. altars replaced under charles I
          2. pg 84
        2. crux lies in Church infrastructure i.e., hierarchy of Bishops & the Book of Common Prayer
          1. radicals reject structure of CoE more focused on personal experience of God
          2. Protestants now seen as dissenters by the previous dissenters of CoR
          3. system of Bishops eradicated and Common Prayer Book Banned following Civil War
          4. Reinstated under Charles II
          5. Persecution of what seen as 'Dissenters'
          6. Baptists/Presbyterians/Independents/Quakers
          7. Anglican appropriate the authority of Tradition
      2. Para 6 18th C
        1. Methodist & Evangelicalism spreads
          1. eg Evangelicals become distinct denomination
          2. focus on
          3. authority of bible
          4. jesus' sacrifice on cross
          5. personal epiphany
          6. doctrine of rebirth
          7. appeal to bible in support
          8. make appeals to earlier traditions as mentioned in Jesus' teachings
          9. activists
          10. eg Methodists/Calvanists
          11. Whitefield (leader of Calvanistic Methodists)
          12. proposes anglicans focused on outward observances and rituals not on inner spiritual experience
          13. pg 87
          14. appealing of traditions of earlier times - argued to be 'idealised' version of reformation era
          15. pg 88
        2. Catholics in minority but still perceive themselves to be upholders of true christian traditions
          1. pg 88
      3. Para 7 19th C
        1. Erosion of CoE
          1. pg 89-90
          2. Protestant 'Dissenters'
          3. Catholic Growth - Irish
          4. Keble influence - oxford movement - internal dissent
          5. restore more ritualistic (catholic) aspects of C0fE
          6. focus on tradition and authority of church
          7. appeal to tradition but are seen by protestant church as Dissenters
          8. this swing back to 'tradition' more catholic less protestant
          9. characterised by church architecture
        2. expressed in achitecture
          1. eg
          2. Methodists had in 1838 built a grandiose Centenary Chapel – fig 3.7
          3. Classical Style
          4. versus Medeival yorkMinster
          5. appeal to older architectural tradition
          6. St Chad’s (see Figure 3.9)
          7. 18th C Gothic Revival
          8. rood lofts and screens, images , elaborate
  3. Conclusion (100) Para 8
    1. interesting that dissenters all called on authority of tradition to validate themselves - yet it was precisely this doctrine as exhibited by Catholicism e..g. in form of 'sacred tradition' that the protestants were originally dissenting against.
      1. seems to be some contradiction in a way
        1. but not only disputing that 'tradition' is a valid authority of the Church but specifically they are arguing specific kind of tradition e.g. biblical versus ritualistic?
    2. Protestant dissent to catholic tradition but by end was being established as the 'traditional' religion with Church of England
      1. gradual emergence of the word ‘Anglicanism’.
        1. pg 83
          1. distinct id
          2. Richard Hooker writings
          3. 'middle way'
          4. pg 83
          5. authentic continuation of the pre-Reformation medieval church.