1. Example: Quiz at beginning of year on Literary Terms. SS match definitions to the term.
  2. Example: Exit tickets, eg. "In which point of view was the story told? How do you know?"
  3. Example: Perform Act 3, Scene 3 of Macbeth by Shakespeare
  4. Example: Students review and correct a partner's essay, giving feedback
  5. Example: Journal entry/Reflection writing on how their writing has improved.
  6. Example: Interviewing teachers/students and writing articles for school newsletter, published for whole school community.
  7. Example: Passing the bar after law school, driver's license test, MCAT, GRE, Praxis
  8. Example: File folder/electronic file of writing assignments over course of a year with multiple drafts and comments on writing.
  9. Diagnostic
    1. Definition/Purpose: To allow teacher to find out what prior knowledge ss have in order to inform instruction. Sometimes referred to as a pre-test. Usually given at beginning of a term or unit. Assessment OF learning . Advantage: Teacher doesn't waste time teaching what ss already know, or making incorrect assumptions about what ss know.
  10. Formative
    1. Definition/Purpose: Short, frequent checks for understanding. Can be verbal, written, or physical demonstration. Assessment OF learning. Advantage: Teacher gets immediate feedback as to ss understanding; allows for change of direction and/or differentiation.
  11. Summative
    1. Definition/Purpose: Longer, comprehensive exam usually given at the end of a unit or term. Often written. Assessment OF learning. Can be thought of as a post-test. Disadvantage: Too late to allow for any changes of instruction or for differentiation. SS often cram for test. Sometimes no real or long-term learning takes place.
      1. Example: Mid-term or Final Exam covering entire year of course, eg. Essay exam--"Compare the 6 periods of British literature from Beowulf to modern era. Give examples of representative pieces of literature from each era."
  12. Performance-Based
    1. Definition/Purpose: Ss demonstrate a process or create something to show others. Often requires high order thinking skills; more than one correct "answer" possible. Assessment OF learning and FOR learning as it shows teacher the student's understanding on a deep level, and Ss learn by engaging in process. Advantage: more authentic learning; complex; "product oriented" (Hilliard) Disadvantage: Takes time to construct and evaluate assessment.
  13. “What is Authentic Assessment?” Retrieved 2 June 2017 from https://www.eduplace.com/rdg/res/litass/auth.html 1997.
  14. Hilliard, Patricia. Edutopia “Performance-Based Assessment: Reviewing the Basics” Dec. 7, 2015. Retrieved 2 June 2017 from https://www.edutopia.org/blog/performance-based-assessment-reviewing-basics-patricia-hilliard.
    1. Resources
  15. “The Glossary of Education Reform” Retrieved 2 June 2017 from http://edglossary.org/high-stakes-testing/.
  16. High-stakes
    1. Definition/Purpose: Any assessment with important, far-reaching consequences--such as in order to get a diploma, certification, driver's license, etc. One's job or potential job could be on the line. Often used for accountability as mandated by local/national government. Assessment OF learning. Disadvantage: It's often a one shot deal. Can cause high level of test anxiety, consequently poor results that don't reflect ss actual ability. Advantage: From administrator's point of view, simpler way of ascertaining ss suitability. ("The Glossary of Education Reform")
  17. Portfolio
    1. Definition/Purpose: A collection of representative pieces of ss work over a period of time, often a year. Assessment OF learning and FOR learning as teachers can see development of skills over time and ss can self-evaluate and choose examples of work. Advantage: Ss has time to improve, to learn--not a one shot deal. Allows for deeper thinking about learning.
  18. Authentic
    1. Definition/Purpose: Assessments that give students real, meaningful experiences, or "real world" assignments, giving ss experience reading and writing in actual situations. Often longer, more complex than traditional paper and pencil tests. Assessment FOR learning. Advantage: Ss more motivated to do intellectual activities that mean something outside of academia. Value placed on deep thinking/higher order thinking skills. Disadvantage: Not as easy to create or evaluate as traditional multiple choice tests. ("What is Authentic Assessment?")
  19. Self-assessment
    1. Definition/Purpose: Ss reflect on and evaluate own work. Assessment FOR learning. Advantage: Ss develop self-analysis skills; take ownership of work/product by reflecting on outcome and/or process. Deeper learning can take place.
  20. Peer Assessment
    1. Definition/Purpose: Classmates assess one another's work, giving feedback according to specific criteria. Both Assessment OF learning and FOR learning as it gives ss different kind of feedback and ss learn how to improve own work by assessing others'. Advantage: More than one person's final judgment (teacher's) and opportunity to amend work before receiving grade; ss can learn a lot from each other. Saves teacher's time.